International Journals of Multidisciplinary Research
Academy (IJMRA)

Abstract:
In this paper, the problem of time to recruitment is studied using a univariate policy of recruitment involving optional and mandatory thresholds for a single grade manpower system where wastages (loss in manpower) occur due to attrition generated by its policy decisions and frequent breaks taken by the personnel working in the system. Assuming that (i) the policy decisions and exits occur at different epochs (ii) the number of exits form a homogeneous Poisson process (iii) both the optional and mandatory thresholds for the cumulative loss of manpower have independently a normal component due to attrition and a second component due to frequent breaks (iv) wastage due to attrition and frequent breaks form separately a sequence of exchangeable and constantly correlated exponentially distributed random variables and (v) interpolicy decision times are of two types, one with high rate of attrition and the other having low rate of attrition, a stochastic model is constructed and variance of time to recruitment is obtained when the inter-policy decision times form (i) a geometric process and (ii) an order statistics.
Download full Lenght Paper......

Abstract:
In this article a more generalized four point boundary value problem associated with a third order differential equation involving mixed boundary conditions is proposed. First we constructed the Green’s function for the associated third order three point boundary value problem through undetermined parametric method and then the idea is extended to the third order four point boundary value problem with mixed boundary conditions. Using this idea and an Iteration method is proposed to solve the corresponding nonlinear problem.
Download full Lenght Paper......

Abstract:
The present study focus on the green chemistry in the synthesis of Zinc Oxide nanoparticles by Zinc nitrate and Allium sativum extract. The Zinc Oxide nanoparticles are known to be one of the multifunctional inorganic nanoparticles and Zinc Oxide crystallites have been synthesized by simple ecofriendly method. Nanoparticles produced by plants are more stable, and the rate of synthesis is faster than that in the case of other organisms.The particle size and morphology of the synthesized nanoparticles is characterized by using X-ray Diffraction(XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and UV-Vis Spectrophotometry. The XRD analysis shows that the synthesized nanoparticles have been indexed as hexagonal system with primitive lattice
Download full Lenght Paper......

Abstract:
The purpose of this paper is to obtain, fixed point and common fixed point theorems for self-maps on ordered cone metric space, satisfying certain contractive conditions on partially ordered cone metric space, which shows that our main results are more useful than the presented results in some recent literatures
Download full Lenght Paper......

Abstract:
In this present article, the onset of convection in a horizontal layer of a porous medium saturated by a nanofluid is investigated analytically using linear and weakly nonlinear analysis. The model used for the nanofluid incorporates the effect of Brownian motion and thermophoresis. The effect of Raleigh-Darcy number, Lewis Number, modified diffusivity ratio, Vadasz number and normalized porosity parameter on the stability of the system is investigated .The analysis reveals that for a typical nanofluid (with large Lewis number) the prime effect of the nanofluids is via buoyancy effect coupled with the conservation of nanoparticles to the thermal energy equation being a second –order effect. Stationary and oscillatory modes of convections have been studied. It is found that the critical thermal Raleigh number can be reduced or increased by a substantial amount, depending on whether the basic nanoparticle distribution is top-heavy, by the presence of the nanoparticles .Oscillatory instability is possible in the case of a bottom-heavy nanoparticle distribution. The linear stability analysis is based on normal mode technique, while for nonlinear theory is based on the truncated representation of Fourier series method. A weakly nonlinear analysis is used to obtain the concentration and thermal Nusselt number. The behavior of the concentration and thermal Nusselt numbers is investigated by a solving the finite amplitude equations. Obtained results have been presented graphically and discussed in details.
Download full Lenght Paper......

Abstract:
Square sum prime labeling of a graph is the labeling of the vertices with {0,1,2-------,p-1} and the edges with sum of the squares of the labels of the incident vertices. The greatest common incidence number of a vertex (gcin) of degree greater than one is defined as the greatest common divisor of the labels of the incident edges. If the gcin of each vertex of degree greater than one is one, then the graph admits square sum prime labeling. Here we identify some graphs for square sum prime labeling..
Download full Lenght Paper......

Abstract:
We illustrate recent development in computational number theory by studying their implications in solving the Pell’s equation. In this paper, we search for finding non – trivial integral solutions to the Pell’s equation 𝑥 2 = 73𝑦 2 − 37𝑡 for all choices of 𝑡 ∈ 𝑵. Recurrence relations among the solutions are also obtained
Download full Lenght Paper......

Abstract:
Data stream classification poses many challenges, most of which are not addressed by the state –ofthe-art. These are infinite length, concept drift, concept evolution, feature evolution. Data streams are assumed to be infinite in length, which necessitates single pass incremental learning techniques. Concept drift occurs in a data stream when the underlying concept changes over time. Most existing data stream classification techniques address only the infinite length and concept drift problems. However, to the best of our knowledge, no drift detection method provides insights into which features are involved in the concept drift, which is potentially valuable information. For example, if a feature is contributing to a concept drift it can be assumed that the feature may have become either more or less relevant for the concept encoded in the stream after the drift. This knowledge about a feature’s contribution to concept drift could be used to develop an efficient real-time feature selection method that does not require examining the entire feature space for online feature selection. Given a data stream, we want to improve data stream classification accuracy in dynamic feature space by using optimal and dynamic feature selection technique and also address the problem of detecting recurring feature change and feature’s contribution in concept drift. This paper proposes a framework for the development of real time feature selection in which we will improve upon the classification accuracy to select the features.
Download full Lenght Paper......

Abstract:
OFM based on the optical long haul area reflectometry and related configurations deployed clinched alongside present optical access, trunk and submarine cable networks. For the efficient maintenance and operation of optical fiber networks, consideration has been concentrated looking into OFM. The fundamental work of OFM in communication system are designed to investigate for faults in optical fiber line and will find the shortcoming with proper determination as a post fault maintenance activity..
Download full Lenght Paper......

Abstract:
The problem of power system planning, due to its complexity and dimensionality aspects, is one of the most challenging aspects facing the electric power industry in developing as well as developed countries. The proposed work will attempt to describe how these aspects are analyzed and assessed based on two major considerations, namely, reliability and cost. A case study considers two separate systems in a fast-developing country, each of which must be reinforced to meet the future predicted loads. The benefits of reinforcing separately or reinforcing by interconnecting the two systems are demonstrated. Uncertainties having a significant impact upon the decision-making process in the planning process are also addressed.
Download full Lenght Paper......

Abstract:
he world of computers, telecommunication, television, the internet and all other audio and visual media is facing rapid and radical changes presently. This has generated infinite and unimaginable new opportunities in education, communication, commerce, manufacturing, agriculture, health care, leisure and entertainment and more particularly the service sector. 'Information Technology' comprises computers, telecommunications, television, audio-visual media, development of software etc. Computer is the major segment of Information Technology which has permeated and grasped every sphere of existence of human society and become indispensable. The present day elegance, accuracy, sophistication, efficiency could have been made possible only with the invention of computers. Computer software’s are gradually becoming a decisive force in making important decisions. It has become the basis of modern scientific and technological inventions and researches. The use of software has penetrated in every walk of life, be it transportation, medicare, telecommunication, defense, industrial processing, entertainment, office utilities, space research, environmental predictions and so on, with endless list
Download full Lenght Paper......

Abstract:
The present paper deals with the study of two-dimensional steady MHD mixed convection and mass transfer flow of an incompressible, viscous, electrically conducting fluid past an impulsively started infinite vertical porous plate in the presence of thermal radiation, large variable suction and thermophoresis. Usual similarity transformations are introduced to make non-dimensional form of the equations of momentum, energy and concentration. To obtain similarity solution of the problem, the similarity equations are solved using regular perturbation technique. Numerical results for the dimensionless velocity, temperature and concentration fields as well as for the skin-friction coefficient, wall heat transfer and particle deposition rate are obtained and displayed graphically for pertinent parameters to show physical insight and interesting aspects of the problem. Finally, a through discussion of different results is presented.
Download full Lenght Paper......

Abstract:
Now a day, it became very difficult to know that an accident has occurred and to locate the position where it has happened .There is no system of identification and intimation regarding an accident in previous. Later on the SMS service begins for intimation and purpose. GPS and GSM make the usage for intimation and identification of place. When an accident occurs the information only be sent through GSM but there is no possibility to locate the spot. This project presents an automotive localization system using GPS and GSM-SMS services So the main intention of the project is to find the accident spot at any place and intimating it to ambulance through GPS and GSM networks. The GPS based vehicle identification module contains vibrating sensor GSM module and a GPS modem connected to the microcontroller. The receiver section consists of a GSM receiver and a PC. The transmitter section consists of a micro controller, GPS module, Key Pad, LCD, GSM transmitter and vibration. Keywords:- GPS,GSM ,Microcontroller
Download full Lenght Paper......

Abstract:
Extracting text blocks from scanned document images is a crucial step in optical character recognition systems, as images, graphics,equations and tables are also part of documents. Other applications of text block detection are image compression, indexing and archiving. In this paper, an attempt has been made to list and analyze various textgraphics separation schemes for document images. The different techniques for various scripts has been studied and merits and demerits of various methods has been listed.
Download full Lenght Paper......

Abstract:
The continuous and rapid advancements in Information Communication Technologies (ICT) have caused massive and rapid alterations across all human social activities (Torero & Braun, 2005). The development in ICT has facilitated the accessing, transmitting and storing information (Lopez, 2005). ICT offered new opportunities for the development of new services and improved quality of life (Moodley, 2004). The result of these electronic activities mad the current era known by the information era and made individuals or social actors live in Information Societies (Moodley, 2004). The dramatic advances in technologies, particularly in Internet technologies have changed the way individuals seek and obtain information, as result it changed the learning environments (Meshal, 2007). The emerging of new programming languages for the web such as: Java and XML and the integration of it such as: asynchronous Javascript and XML (AJAX) (Ritchie, 2007) has promised new transformation for more dynamic web applications (Jazayeri, 2007) and more interactive between online users. This current shift in web technologies is commonly under a sobriquet for several of online activities known currently by Web 2.0 (Maness, 2006)
Download full Lenght Paper......

Abstract:
Generally, deep breathing has been established to reduce blood pressure (BP).Besides, during inhalation BP is known to decrease while it increases during exhalation. To implement this idea to effectively and efficiently decrease BP, different breathing pattern involving differences in times of inhalation and exhalation could be very significant. This study will aim at quantitatively exploring the upshot of different breathing patterns on automated Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP). Forty healthy subjects that include 25 males and 15 females (aged between 18 to 60 years) were employed in this study. Automate SBP were measured using clinically authorized automated BP device. Two repeated measurement sessions was taken for each subject. For each session, eight BP measurements were obtained. The eight BP measurements involve: four measurements during breathing using different patterns (Pattern 1 to Pattern 4) (Pattern 1: (4.5s of inhalation and 4.5s of exhalation); Pattern 2: (6s of inhalation and 2s of exhalation); Pattern 3: (2s of inhalation and 6s of exhalation); Pattern 4: (1.5s of inhalation and 1.5s of exhalation), and another four measurements of the same measurement after a one-minute rest interval. Two baseline BP measurements exist under resting condition at the beginning and end of the two measurement sessions. Lastly, the effect of different breathing patterns on automated SBP during and after deep breathing was analysed in comparison with the automated baseline SBP. Experimental results showed that overall automated SBP measured during deep breathing in Patterns 1, 2 and 4 decreased significantly by 3.7 ± 5.7mmHg, 3.9 ± 5.2 mmHg and 3.3 ± 5.3 mmHg respectively (all p < 0.001)except for Pattern 3 where automated SBP decreased only by 1.7 ± 5.9 mmHg with p value (p < 0.05). Similarly, after deep breathing, automated SBP went back to normal with no significant difference when compared with baseline BP (all p>0.05, except for SBP in pattern 4 with a mean difference of 1.9±3.5 mmHg). In conclusion, a decrease in automated SBP with different breathing patterns has been quantitatively demonstrated with Pattern 2 being most effective, however slow and deep breathing (Pattern 3) inclines to be the best relaxed pattern for subjects to practice
Download full Lenght Paper......

Abstract:
Physical vapor deposition (PVD) is a process of transferring growth species (material) from a source or target and depositing them on a substrate to form a film. In this processno chemical reaction takes place. This process controllably transfers atoms from a source to a substrate where film formation and growth proceed atomistically.
Download full Lenght Paper......

Abstract:
The conduction and valence band are the regular features of all the solids. Only difference is upto which they are occupied and vertical separation between them i.e. energy band gap. Thus energy band may be defined as the gap or region between the valence and conduction the measurement of absorption spectra is the direct method for probing the band structure of semiconductors band. The band gap may be classified as direct and indirect band gap depending upon the electron transition.
Download full Lenght Paper......

Abstract:
Interlocking Concrete Tiles are essentially unreinforced precast modular concrete units used in the construction of pavements for a wide variety of purposes. Quite often these units are given fair-finished sides and wearing surfaces to improve their beauty and appeal. The concept of constructing road pavements from modular masonry units started in the Old Roman Empire. Sections of the famous Roman Appian Way (Figure 1.1) show road pavements constructed from stones and masonry units set in lime or bitumen mortar and some of these roads have existed for the past 3000 years. After the Second World War, the construction of pavements from precast modular units was refined and resuscitated; thus leading to the modern concept of high quality, precision manufactured concrete interlocking tiles.
Download full Lenght Paper......

Abstract:
Though XAS has emerged as an appropriate tool for obtaining structural information around the X – ray absorbing atom, it’s Theoretical analysis has remained very difficult till date, We in the present paper have defined the Chemical – shift in terms of the position of the Main peak appearing in the X- ray absorption spectra and have Correlated the same with Pauling’s effective charge. The high degree of correlation shows that the position of the main peak in the spectra can be very well utilised for obtaining physico – chemical properties of the System.
Download full Lenght Paper......

Abstract:
The present investigation deals with frequency of abnormalities at Anaphase I of meiosis in control and gamma rays treated plant of "Navoday" cultivar of Lycopersicon esculentum (Tomato). Lycopersicon esculentum is one of the most important vegetable plants. It originated in western South America. Because of its importance as food, tomato has been bred to improve productivity. Lycopersicon esculentum has been widely used not only for food, but also as research material for increase production and isolate desirable changes Lycopersicon esculentum is very important member of family Solanaceae. The present paper deals with different doses of Gamma rays treatment such as 10Kr, 15 Kr, 20 Kr, 25 Kr and 30 Kr on "Navoday" cultivar of Lycopersicon esculentum which is commonly cultivated in Gaya, Bihar
Download full Lenght Paper......

Abstract:
The present work has been carried out under the impact of cement dust pollution in the vicinity of Banjari cement factory. The selected crop pisumsativum have been studies which grow under cement dust pollution Result of effect revealed to undergo stages of growth as compare to control crop. Cement dust emittion from cement factory is essentially an inorganic mixture of oxide potassium, aluminium, silicon and sodium. These elements to change the physical and chemical properties of soil which is directly or indirectly they effect the normal growth of plant as well nutritive value of seeds. Keyboard:Cement dust pollution cicer arietinum, NPK, cultivated Yield.
Download full Lenght Paper......

Abstract:
Curative plants is also called „Medicinal Herbs‟ have been discovered and used in traditional medicine practices since prehistoric times. Plants synthesis hundreds of chemical compounds for functions including defence against insects, fungi, diseases and herbivorous mammals. Numerous phytochemicals with potential biological activity have been identified. However, since a single plant contains widely diverse phytochemicals, the effects of using a whole plant as medicine are uncertain. Further, the phytochemical content and pharmacological actions, if any, of many plants having medicinal potential remain unassessed by rigorous scientific research to define efficacy and safety. Medicinal plants are widely used in non-industrialized societies mainly because they are readily available and cheaper than modern medicines
Download full Lenght Paper......

Abstract:
This paper explores the basic ideas of simplicial structures that lead to simplicial homology theory, and introduces singular homology in order to demonstrate the equivalence of homology groups of homeomorphic topological spaces. It concludes with a proof of the equivalence of simplicial and singular homology groups.
Download full Lenght Paper......

Abstract:
In order to encourage the retailers to buy more, in today’s competitive business transaction, the suppliers normally permit his/her retailers a delay in payment. In this permissible delay period, the retailer is allowed to postpone payment for the products bought without paying any interest. In realistic circumstances, the problem of determining the optimal replenishment policy for non-instantaneous deteriorating items with multivariate demand is important which is discussed in this study. Finally, a numerical example is presented to demonstrate the developed model analysis.
Download full Lenght Paper......

Abstract:
The rate of alkaline hydrolysis of ethyl nicotinate was measured over the temperature range of 20oC to 40 oC in water-ethanol mixture at different composition 30 to 70% (v/v). The influence of solvent variation on reaction rate was examined in term of changes in the Activation parameter .increase of H* and S* values with simultaneous increase in G* of the reaction in media, reveals that the reaction is Enthalpy controlled and Entropy domination. The Values of Iso-kinetic which is equal to 360, clearly indicates that there is appreciable interaction between solvent and solute present in the reaction media, i.e. reaction is ion-dipole.
Download full Lenght Paper......

Abstract:
Studies made pertaining to morphometric features, comprising of the size, shape, and connectivity of water bodies have exhibited important effects on ecological communities and ecosystem processes for the two ponds of Bihar. Intensive alteration of water bodies being reflected by the morphometric analysis appears to give a significant ecological information.
Download full Lenght Paper......

Abstract:
DRYOPTERIS COCHLEATAcollected from Eastern Himalayan spore and gametophytes have been made.Sporesarebilateraltypeandperinnate.TheperiniswrinkledPhotographs.Theexineandperi ne are both ornamented. The ornamentation blentinolox or spinulose. Spore termination is like vittaria types. The common pattern is of aspidium types. The sex organs i.e. Antheridia and archegonia are similar to other Leptosporangiateferns.
Download full Lenght Paper......

Abstract:
A statistically significant quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model was built from a diverse dataset of 286 DNA GyrB inhibitors which was considered as an efficient target for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This model was built to identify the important structural features responsible for DNA Gyrase B ATPase inhibitory activity using a genetic algorithm–multi-linear regression (GA-MLR) methodology. The model obtained was robust, highly predictive and validated thoroughly according to the OECD principles. The statistical quality of the model was verified in terms of coefficient of determination R 2 (0.8713) and cross-validated leave-one-out coefficient Q 2 loo (0.8622). The model can be used for the QSAR based virtual screening of new molecules and hence it is used as a versatile tool to evaluate the drug likeness of hit molecules
Download full Lenght Paper......

Abstract:
Since the past decade the United Nations has emphasized that education should also be for sustainable development. Hence the chemists have focused on sustainability and have started a Green Chemistry Laboratories Movement. Green chemistry, also called Sustainable Chemistry is an area of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering which focuses on designing and synthesizing products to maximise yield, minimizeand eliminate the consumption as well as generation of hazardous substances. Most undergraduate laboratories largely evade the issues of health hazard, occupational safety and environmental threats and have still not incorporated the green chemical methodologies. Teaching Green Chemistry in the class room and the laboratory should be done simultaneously by making it an essential part of the curriculum. The present study proposes Green Chemistry alternatives in the undergraduate course to replace the pre-existing hazardous experiments in accordance with the12 Green Chemistry principles accepted by the United Nationsand the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). This would lead to the improvement of the IAQ (indoor air quality)and eliminates the risk of explosion by making the laboratories less hazardous. This 'Green Laboratories Movement' will encourage the educators and students to replace conventional laboratory experiments by green technologies for safety and sustainability. Such an approach will help students to develop the concepts of green chemistry, laboratory skills, xenobiotics to save the environment and resist climate change.
Download full Lenght Paper......

Abstract:
PDEs are increasingly referred to by their shorter form, which is also increasingly prevalent. This is because the areas of research and construction are continually developing new partial differential equations. It is feasible to develop a model of the overwhelming majority of the physical processes that take place out in the actual world with the use of something called partial differential equations. "A partial differential equation is an equation that depicts a relationship between a component of at least two independent variables and the partial subsidiaries of this capacity as for both independent variables". The term "equation" refers to the mathematical representation of this relationship. A differential equation is another name for this kind of equation, which may also be used interchangeably. Within specialized mathematical circles, this particular equation is referred to as an equation with a partial differential (abbreviated PDE for "partial differential equation"). In this inquiry, the dependent variable f is handled as a ward variable, which denotes that its application is not limited to a single context. This is because its treatment as a ward variable allows for more than one context to benefit from it. The vast majority of difficulties that may arise in the domains of engineering and research are centered on either space (x, y, and z) or space and time as the two independent variables. This is because these are the most fundamental aspects of these professions (x, y, z, t). This article is organized in such a way that it centers its attention on the many diverse applications of partial differential equations that may be discovered in the field of fluid mechanics. These applications serve as the major point of interest for this study.
Download full Lenght Paper......

Abstract:
Brahminy Starling also known as black headed myna or brahminy myna. The body colour is pale reddish – fawn plumage. The beak is yellow with a bluish base. In both the sexes black crest is present on head. In male the crest are more prominent than female crest. This species built nest in cavity or holes in tree or boughs, in wall or roof of house, rocks, old building, railway station and wells. The brahminy starling is a single breeding bird in a breeding season. In this study it was observed that construction of nests were completed from end of February to the end of the April of 2017. Generally eggs were observed from 01.April to 31.May of 2017. Nest is constructed by small twigs of neem, gulmohar, dry grass, leaves of local plant, pieces of small stem, stem of creepers, stem of some soft grass, feather, pieces of small cloths, plastic or transparent polythene strips and papers, skin of snake, cigarettes wrappers etc. Nest cavity of egg chamber is lined with comparatively softer material like fine stem, fresh grass, green leaves of local plants and cotten etc. Brahminy starling completes their nest with in 15 to 25 days. In this study it was concluded that generally brahminy starling selected those areas for nest construction which is completely safe from predators, adequate amount of food and water, protected from storms and naturally conducive for the development of eggs and chicks of brahminy starling.
Download full Lenght Paper......