International Journals of Multidisciplinary Research
Academy (IJMRA)

Abstract:
Almost all automobiles (at least those which correspond to design with rear wheel drive and front engine installation) have transmission shafts. The weight reduction of the drive shaft can have a certain role in the general weight reduction of the vehicle and is a highly desirable goal, if it can be achieved without increase in cost and decrease in quality and reliability. It is possible to achieve design of composite drive shaft with less weight to increase the first natural frequency of the shaft. This work deals with the replacement of a conventional steel drive shaft with High Strength Carbon drive shafts for an automobile application.
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Abstract:
This study was conducted with an objective to investigate the heat transferring ability of plate heat exchangers with various patterns and to compare the same with traditional plate heat exchanger with herring-bone pattern. Heat transfer rate can be increased by using passive methods and improvement can be had without giving any extra energy. The wicked and baffled pattern is used in this investigation to increase the heat transfer rate instead of herring-bone pattern by changing the surface of plate. The rate of heat transfer is more than 15% high in wicked and baffled pattern. Hence the study concluded that, rate of heat transfer is high in wicked and baffled pattern when compared to herringbone pattern
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Abstract:
Plasma cutting is a process that cut through electrically conductive materials by means of jet of hot plasma. EN 8 steel plays a vital role in manufacturing automotive and construction industry. In this experimental work EN 8 steel plates are machining by plasma cutting process with various process parameter. L16 orthogonal array is selected as design of experiment concept with input parameters are Gas pressure, Current flow and cutting speed and response parameters are surface roughness and Material removal rate. The experiment is conducted in 30mmX30mmX4mm size machining process by plasma cutting. The process parameters are designed by 4 levels and 3 factors for cutting process. The response parameters such as surface roughness are predicted by smaller the best concept and material removal rate is analyzed by larger the best concept, The best parameters of plasma cutting on EN 8 palates are optimized by signal to noise ratio and analyzed by ANOVA. Gas pressure is influencing process parameters of EN 8 steel plates cutting process of Plasma
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Abstract:
The heat generated in an automobile engine needs to be extracted and dissipated for its efficient working. The objective of this experiment was to improve the thermohydraulic performance of the radiator which can be achieved by using nanofluids as engine coolant for increasing the heat rejection capacity on the coolant side. The present study investigates the performance of AL2CO3 water nanofluid at different temperatures (50, 60, and 70oC). The results indicate that maximum increase in thermal capacity was observed to be 32% at 50oC (0.2% particle concentration)
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Abstract:
Friction Stir Welding is a solid state welding process in which a non-consumable rotating tool with a specially designed shoulder and pin is used to join the workpieces to be welded. In this work Friction Stir Welding of dissimilar aluminium alloys AA5052 and AA6082 has been investigated. The effect of tool pin profile and welding speed on the hardness of the joints were studied. Dissimilar joints were made on 4 mm thick plates with one side single pass of aHCr tool. Parameters used are constant rotational speed of 727 rpm with varying welding speeds of 0.0875 mm/s and 0.1 mm/s. The different pin profiles used are cylindrical pin profile with straight end and chamfered end. It is found that the maximum hardness was achieved with cylindrical pin profile with straight end at rotational speed of 727 rpm and welding speed of 0.0875 mm/s.From the experimental investigation, it can be concluded that the cylindrical pin profile with chamfered end produced maximum results in terms of tensile strength alone. While the hardness and transverse strength was greater with the cylindrical pin profile with straight end. Also it is found that lower the values of welding speed resulted in maximum hardness and tensile values and with increased values of welding speed resulted in increased transverse strength alone
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Abstract:
The Paper mills in which various GSM paper are manufactured. The manufactured paper is being used for newsprint and printout sheets. These papers are manufactured from the various pulp materials such as softwood pulp, hardwood pulp and imported pulp. The major production of the paper comes from softwood pulp. This softwood pulp is transferred for softwood storage tank which is located near the pulp mill to the paper machine. Due to improper maintenance and poor pump design the performance and productivity of the paper machine is seen to be affected. This project deals with the increase of productivity and performance of the paper machine by modifying the pump design and parameters such as the impeller diameter, vane angles, pressure head, vane width and pipeline layout. Thus the efficiency and flow rate of the pump get increased as the result productivity rate and economic benefits for the company is obtained.
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Abstract:
The natural fibre is more utilized for reinforcing polymer composites than using synthetic fibre nowadays. Natural fibres are completely renewable, environmental friendly, high specific strength, non-abrasive, low cost, and bio-degradability. Due to these characteristics, natural fibres have recently become attractive to researchers and scientists as an alternative method for fibres reinforced composites. However, these natural fibres are relatively poor moisture resistance, fibre wetting, and its adhesion to the matrix, which affecting mechanical properties. Then some structural modifications are necessary for improvements. A more efficient way to enhance properties of polymer composites is to produce a hybrid composite, so that their individual characteristics may be transferred to the final composite, originating a material with intermediate properties and with potential. This review paper summarized the history of natural fibres and its applications. Also, this paper focused on different mechanical properties of natural fibres (such as banana, jute and rice straw etc) and its applications which were used to substitute glass fibre.
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Abstract:
In this study, machining parameters were evaluated and optimized with Genetic Algorithm in milling Al-B4C (with weight composition of Al-85%, B4C-15%) reinforced metal matrix composites (MMCs) produced by stir casting. we found B4C with less composition (10- 15%) gives best result. Carbide tools were used under dry cutting conditions for milling. The milling parameters such as feed rate, spindle speed, and depth of cut were optimized based on multiple performance characteristics including MRR, cutting force, and surface roughness. Furthermore, average surface roughness of milled face is good at high cutting speed, low feed rate and high depth of cut. MRR increases with feed rate and depth of cut. Cutting force is optimum at medium factor level
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Abstract:
Code 39 is one of the most widely and commonly used barcode type, Wide use of this barcode type makes it portable. This barcode can be encoded and decoded by almost every barcode encoding/decoding equipment. Code 39 can encode all 26 Alphabets of the English language and the numerals which was not possible with the previous barcodes. It is much more secure and is not prone to faulty encoding and decoding,but the disadvantage is its too lengthystrip ,needs more space and has less storage capacity.To reduce this a novelistic idea of using multicolour barcodes can be developed so that large amount of data can be stored within a small space.
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Abstract:
Tolerance plays a key role in product design and manufacturing. Tolerance allocation impact on manufacturing cost and product quality. The main purpose of tolerance allocation is to produce product components with least machining cost possible, while meeting all functional requirements of the product. In this work, tolerance charting is used to determine the working dimension and tolerances at the lowest cost without violating the blueprint dimensions. A simple dimensional chains identification approach is also proposed. A non-linear optimization model is formulated with the manufacturing cost as the objective function and blue print tolerances, blue print dimensions, stock removal and process capability as constraints. The nonlinear, constraint tolerance allocation problem has been solved using Differential Evolution (DE)
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Abstract:
In this paper, a triband circularly polarized (CP) microstip patch antenna is placed over a metamaterial structure known as Frequency Selective Structure (FSS) at a certain height. The FSS provides improved bandwidth and axial ratio to the triband CP antenna. When FSS with 6*6 square metallic patches are used, we obtain four frequency bands (2.4/5.3/5.8)GHz for WLAN and 3.5GHz WiMAX applications. The FSS structure designed using 6*6 circular patches was simulated to obtain ultra wide band frequency(UWB). The results are analyzed and compared with the result of triband antenna and improvement in bandwidths and axial ratio is observed.
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Abstract:
Aluminium hybrid composites are a new generation of metal matrix composites that have the potentials of satisfying the recent demands of advanced engineering applications. These demands are met due to improved mechanical properties, amenability to conventional processing technique and possibility of reducing production cost of Aluminium hybrid composites. The performance of these materials is mostly dependent on selecting the right combination of reinforcing materials since some of the processing parameters are associated with the reinforcing particulates. A few combinations of reinforcing particulates have been conceptualized in the design of Aluminium hybrid composites. This paper attempts to review the different combination of reinforcing materials used in the processing of hybrid Aluminium matrix composites and how it affects the mechanical, corrosion and wear performance of the materials. The major techniques for fabricating these materials are briefly discussed and research areas for further improvement on Aluminium hybrid composites are suggested.
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Abstract:
Earth holds many systems, Volcano is the important one, which act as door to the internal workings of the planet. There are many active volcanoes in the world which cause devastating destruction to lives, homes, and infrastructure on the act of eruption. During, the eruptive phenomena the volcanologist has to work close to the vents it is more hazardous to their life .so, it can be replaced by robots. The terrain of the volcano is the main challenge to the robot. It can be successfully overcome by implementing rocker bogie suspension system on the rover. We developed a conceptual design along with dimensions considering actual working, using solid works software .The rover is also analyzed for the temperature stability and structural stability with the selected material using ANSYS software and the outcomes are studied. The conceptual model is operated in real-time using the prototype. It is operated using motor drivers, Arduino controller and arm actions are manipulated. The proposed system is also compared with the existing system.
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Abstract:
Technology today in metal cutting process require high quality cut surfaces and good dimensional correctness without further operation. Plasma arc cutting process does high temperature and high velocity contracted arc via a amount of gas between the electrode and the work material to be engrave. There are a variety of process parameters such as arc voltage, arc current, gas pressure, cutting speed, standoff distance and gas flow rate that affect the quality distinctiveness of plasma cut like kerf generated, bevel angle, heat affected zone (HAZ) and surface finish. It is very vital to have a good knowledge of process to get better excellence in cut. This paper focus on current research work and results obtained by using plasma arc machining process based on experiments and various optimization techniques that has used for optimization of plasma machining process
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Abstract:
Brass hybrid composites are a new generation of metal matrix composites that have the potentials of satisfying the recent demands of advanced engineering applications. These demands are met due to improved mechanical properties, amenability to conventional processing technique and possibility of reducing production cost of brass hybrid composites. The performance of these materials is mostly dependent on selecting the right combination of reinforcing materials since some of the processing parameters are associated with the reinforcing particulates. A few combinations of reinforcing particulates have been conceptualized in the design of brass hybrid composites. This paper attempts to review the different combination of reinforcing materials used in the processing of hybrid brass matrix composites and how it affects the mechanical, corrosion and wear performance of the materials. The major techniques for fabricating these materials are briefly discussed and research areas for further improvement on brass hybrid composites are suggested. However there are several design and manufacturing challenges to be addressed before practically using them as structural components. In this work we demonstrate the design, manufacturing and testing procedure of variable stiffness vs composite cylinder made by hybrid composites.
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Abstract:
Heat exchangers are the important engineering equipment’s used for transferring heat from one fluid to another. Heat exchangers are widely used in various kinds of application such as power plants, nuclear reactors, refrigeration and air-conditioning systems, and heat recovery systems, petrochemical, mechanical and biomedical industries. Now day’s helical coiled heat exchangers are used in many large thermal industries because it can give high heat transfer coefficient in small footprint of surface area.This project focuses on the designing of shell and helical coiled heat exchanger and its thermal evaluation with cross flow configuration. In this project work, analysis will be carried out by considering the various parameters such as flow rate of cold water, flow rate of hot water, temperature, effectiveness and overall heat transfer coefficient etc. In this work, copper material is used for tube pass in helical coiled heat exchanger because of copper has good thermal conductivity (K) is 385w/m.k. So that it can give better results for improving overall performance of helical coiled heat exchanger. Finally result will be evaluated by varying mass flow rate of cold medium with different concentration of Nano fluids
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Abstract:
A composite material can be defined as a combination of two or more materials that results in better properties than those of the individual components used alone. In contrast to metallic alloys, each material retains its separate chemical, physical, and mechanical properties. The two constituents are reinforcement and a matrix. The main advantages of composite materials are their high strength and stiffness, combined with low density, when compared with bulk materials, allowing for a weight reduction in the finished part. In recent years, polymeric based composites materials are being used in many application such as automotive, sporting goods, marine, electrical, industrial, construction, household appliances, etc. Polymeric composites have high strength and stiffness, light weight, and high corrosion resistance. Natural fibres are available in abundance in nature and can be used to reinforce polymers to obtain light and strong materials .The natural fibre present important advantages such as low density, appropriate stiffness, mechanical properties with high disposability and renewability. In this project that we are used the natural fibre of lotus.
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Abstract:
A composite material can be defined as a combination of two or more materials that results in better properties than those of the individual components used alone. In recent years, polymeric based composites materials are being used in many application such as automotive, sporting goods, marine, electrical, industrial, construction, household appliances, etc. Polymeric composites have high strength and stiffness, light weight, and high corrosion resistance. Natural fibers are available in abundance in nature and can be used to reinforce polymers to obtain light and strong materials. The natural fiber contains many advantages such as low density, appropriate stiffness and mechanical properties with high disposability and renewability.
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Abstract:
Painting is a repetitive, exhausting and hazardous process which makes it an ideal case for automation. To reduce the electric consumption in painting pneumatics are used instead of electronic spray gun. Painting had been automated in automotive industry but not yet for the construction industry. This conceptual design is used to paint any object in all industries. In this paper, the conceptual design of automated painting is described using pneumatic operated single and double acting cylinders consisting of a spray gun that paint the object vertically and horizontally using solenoid valves is fitted on a mild steel frame to give the linear feed motion to cover the painting surface. The design objective is to satisfy the criteria of simplicity, low weight, low cost and fast painting time. Timers and relays are fitted on the solenoid valve to adjust the motion limits and painting time . A control system is designed to guide the motion of cylinder and spray gun.
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Abstract:
In this project the proposed concept is to replace the manual work in drainage cleaning by mechanical drain cleaner.There is a huge demand of clean water, as it is used for a variety of purpose such as drinking, bathing, cleaning, cooking etc. Impurities present in water can cause serious health issues that can damage the life of human beings. Water is the basic need for the existence of life on earth. In spite of 70% water on earth majority of water is not suitable for drinking purpose.Now-a-days even though mechanical drainage plays a vital role in all industrial applications in the proper disposal of sewagesfrom industries and commercials are still a challenging task. Solid waste in drainage water includes empty bottles, polythene bags, papers etc. The drains get blocked due to these wastes in water. Drainage are using for the disposal of waste and unfortunately sometimes there may be loss of human life while cleaning the blockage in the drainages .These wastes when not removed end up settling in residentialplaces where these wastes are burnt thereby causing climate change otherwise these wastes block the drainage systems therebycausing flooding. Therefore the chief function of the automatic drainage cleaning system is to collect, transport, as well as dispose the solid waste in the waste bucket by the help of claws. So that the waste is collected by the conveyer and they are transported to the bag behind and disposed
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Abstract:
Optimization of drilling parameters considering multiple responses thrust force and torque simultaneously are performed using response surface methodology (rsm). The workpiece material chosen for turning is AISI 1045, medium carbon steel with High speed steel drill bit. Twenty experiments are designed based on face-centred composite design for three numerical parameters such as rotational speed, feed rate and drill bit diameter. In this work, both the thrust force and torque should be minimized. Desirability function is applied to optimize multiple responses simultaneously and to obtain the optimized condition. ANOVA is performed to understand the significance of input parameters over the output responses
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Abstract:
Technology today in metal cutting process require high quality cut surfaces and good dimensional correctness without further operation. Plasma arc cutting process does high temperature and high velocity contracted arc via a amount of gas between the electrode and the work material to be engrave. There are a variety of process parameters such as arc voltage, arc current, gas pressure, cutting speed, standoff distance and gas flow rate that affect the quality distinctiveness of plasma cut like kerf generated, bevel angle, heat affected zone (HAZ) and surface finish. In this paper, Plasma Arc Cutting (PAC) shows the Cutting Speed (mm/Sec.), Current (A), Pressure (bar) on SS304 Material having the density 8.03 g/cm3. In this Experiment we have done Experiment by using full factorial design methods and regression analysis equation for Surface Roughness by performing cuts of different run sets of L27 orthogonal Array to find out optimal run set of Speed, Current, Pressure which gives the smooth surface. The regression analysis has been used for the development of empirical models able to describe the effect of the process parameters on the quality of cutting.And also evaluated the machining parameters of hot turning of stainless steel by applying ANN and RSM and found that the turned part were incorporated into ANN-based Neurointelligence software package and design expert. Here we determined the grey grade values using Grey Relation Analysis
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Abstract:
Nowadays, the important over energy requirement is keep on increasing which also proportionally elevating the level of pollution in the atmosphere. The climate changes due to the causes of global warming increased the probability of predicting weather roughly more than the olden days which made the governments all around the world to focus on the alternative source of energy. Based on the sources of consumption, the non-renewable energy such as petrol and diesel are the two major raw materials for the energy production process. though petrol were one of the main sources of raw material in transportation and other industrial usages the research and development department in various sector keep on concentrating waste heat recovery from the exhaust of SI engine has been soared. Today since there are several methods in drying process such as direct type, indirect type and mixed mode type which are further classified into special methods of natural convection and forced convection. In our project we used the forced convection indirect type. By extracting the atmosphere air from the blower to the heat exchanger where, it recharge the energy from the exhaust of SI engine. and the converted heat energy will be again passed into the flat plate collector, where it further rise the heat energy by adding solar energy from the sun. finally, the added heat energy will be sent to the dryer chamber where the vegetables over there will get dried by the process of removing moisture content from the products.
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Abstract:
Micro turning is one type of the micro machining process which uses a solid tool and its material removal process is almost similar to conventional turning operation by operating at a micron scale of parameter to produce micro level machined components. In this work cylindrical work piece of aluminium ,25mm diameter is planned to micro turned with different cutting speed, depth of cut and feed using the TNMG.4 insert tool. Full factorial experiments were performed by using CNC machine. For every set of experiment, the output parameters such as surface roughness, material removal rate, machining time and chip thickness were measured by using surface roughness tester and tool maker‟s microscope. The experimental and theoretical studies on micro turning to achieve more efficient material removal rate coupled with less machining time and improved surface quality
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Abstract:
Steel finds wide range of applications in various industrial sectors. Heat treatment of steel is the most important parameter that affects properties of various grades of steel. Hardening and tempering heat treatment imparts properties of hardness, wear resistance, toughness to different grades of steel such as plain carbon steel, alloy steel, tool steel etc. One of the reason that limits the property enhancement tendency of hardening and tempering is that 100% austenite is not converted into martensite during quenching in hardening process. This results in entrapment of austenite in matrix of martensite at room temperature known as retained austenite. Retained austenite causes significant changes in mechanical properties
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Abstract:
Nowadays high prices of energy motivate industries to apply energy saving methods as much as possible in their facilities. Heat transfer enhancement techniques are one of the most important tools to save energy in different processes. Use of CFRF solid particles in conventional fluids, because of their higher thermal conductivity, has been considered for decades to enhance heat transfer. But in practice, problems like fouling, sedimentation and increased pressure drop reduce the interest of industries to this heat transfer technique In recent years, significant advances in Nano materials technology has made it possible to overcome these problems by producing desirable particles in Nanometer size ranges. Nanoparticle suspensions in fluids make a new innovative category of fluids, called Nano fluids
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Abstract:
Now a days the manufacturing industries planning to improve the productivity with minimum amount of investment, so that optimization parameters plays major role in manufacturing industries. The optimization parameters such as (speed, feed, depth of cut, pulse on time and off time, gap voltage etc….) By endured various journals about optimization of WEDM process and their optimization methods we choose Taguchi’s Design of experiments and Taguchi’s signal to noise ratio is used to estimate the optimum machining condition to produce the best possible response within the experimental constraints. The results from this study will be useful for manufacturing engineers to select appropriate set of process parameters to machine
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Abstract:
The main aim of this project is to steer the vehicle according to the requirement during parking. The four wheel steering is more required in critical roads and in desert roads. In this project we implement three steering modes in a four wheelers and these modes can be changed as needed.An eco-friendly vehicle which can steer through 90 degrees, thus reducing the turning radius with low efforts has to be defined. Automotive of present time does not have the ability to steer through 90 degrees. These vehicles can help peoples for parking easily on populated areas. The steering mechanism uses rack and pinion in defined gear ratios with the help of some bevel gears. The rear wheels are mounted in such a way that the power is transmitted even when it is being steered through 90 degrees. Advantages of this system are that it can work in limited space and it reduces the time and effort for steering through 90 degrees thus making the system more flexible. It can be used for other applications such as farm vehicles, trucks, forklifts, heavy vehicles etc.
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Abstract:
In small-scale industries and automobile maintenance shops, there are frequent needs of tightening and loosening of screws, drilling, boring, grinding machine. Huge and complicated designed parts cannot be machined with the help of an ordinary machine and further for every operation separate machine is required, therefore increasing the number of machines and increasing the area for them to be accommodated and hence overall initial cost required is increased. In a single machine all the above specified operation can be carried out, i.e., after drilling, the drill head is removed from the barrel key and the required tools like grinding wheels, boring tool etc., can be attached, and the operation can be performed. By the application of pneumatics, which is operated by an air compressor will give the successive action to operate this machine. By this we can achieve our industrial requirements.
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Abstract:
The challenges facing machining industries today are high metal removal rate and better product quality. Grinding is vital to many manufacturing processes as it generates finer surfaces and closer dimensional tolerances. The selection of the machining parameters is crucial for a better performance in the grinding process. In our project we are going to compare the surface roughness and material removal rate for cylindrical grinding wheel with conventional grinding wheel. The parameter are different wheel composition, depth of cut and wheel speed for machining gunmetal. The parameter on grinding process should be controlled to get best surface roughness.
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Abstract:
Metal cutting process forms the basis of the engineering industry and is involved either directly or indirectly in the manufacture of nearly every product of our modern civilization. The cutting tool is one of the important elements in realizing the full potential out of any metal cutting operation. Over the years the demands of economic competition have motivated a lot of research in the field of metal cutting leading to the evolution of new tool materials of remarkable performance and vast potential for an impressive increase in productivity. Changes in work piece materials, manufacturing processes and even government regulations catalyze parallel advances in metal cutting tooling technology. As manufacturers continually seek and apply new manufacturing materials that are lighter and stronger and therefore more fuel efficient it follows that cutting tools must be so developed that can machine new materials at the highest possible productivity
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Abstract:
In this current scenario, the manufacturing industries are keenly observing and updating the manufacturing process to produce the quality products and improve the productivity with economical benefits (i.e, less cost) and resources. According to that nowadays, to achieve those goals manufacturing industries are mainly concerned about the optimization of machining process parameters (such as cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut). From various literature surveys it is seen that the material removal rate can be further improved by coated inserts. It can be modelled using regression equations by Minitab software. From this software by giving input parameters the predicted output parameters can be observed. By this, optimized machining parameters can be achievable which will provide better manufacturing process.
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Abstract:
The production area has many working lines like input speed gear , output speed gear , input shaft , output shaft , differential gear , sleeve etc .each line has unique working according to the output . Every single line has a major problem or defects in it . The 5 & 6 input speed gear line has the major problem (i.e.) the gear nicking .This gear nicking occurs majorly in gear shaving machine during the internal maching of the gear tooth. This nick alsooccurs because of metal clamping , overloading in the stopper ,careless handling , storage and vibration in the conveyors .So due to the high percentage of occurance in the gear shaver machine , the defect should be reduced there. Therefore the gear nick is chosen , so that the defect and rework time will be reduced and the direct pass ratio is increased .
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Abstract:
Nowadays the temperature sensitive products transport and storage is an issue worldwide due to changes of the lifestyle population increase. This also consumes more electricity for the preservation of the products. To reduce the consumption of energy and to mitigate the CO2 we have been using the phase changing material [PCM].The household refrigerator has been the essential for everyone in the world to preserve food. In India it is very important because of the climatic condition. If is reported that the 17%of greenhouse gas is from the refrigerator only. This paper represents the experimental investigation of enhancing the performance of the household refrigerator using the PCM .The PCM is located at one side of the evaporator coil for improving the performance and supplying the refrigeration without power supply for several hours. The system has been tested with water mixed with poly ethylene glocol-400 to make the PCM. This mixture act as the phase changing material that allow the cooling to last for several hours. During the phase change from solid to liquid the heats is absorbed and during the phase change from liquid to solid the heat is liberated.
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Abstract:
The welding of metals is an important manufacturing technology to the industry such as boiler manufacturing, oil piping, building construction etc. Double Tig welding is emerging welding process and its application is found in many manufacturing field. The literature survey was made and it was found that the stainless steel 316L of similar metal welding have not been carried out for evolution and analyzing. The work was carried to join the two similar metals stainless steel 316L. The welding of similar metal process is done by double Tig welding with the use of 316L filler metal as the agent. The weld specimen is tested under two types of testing such as non destructive test and destructive test. The metals were welded by double Tig welding process and then single Tig welding process. The non destructive test by radiography test was used followed by destructive test method such as bend test and tensile test were carried out in the welded specimen. The work is to generate experimental analysis with double Tig welding and single Tig welding process and with obtained numerical value analysis of double Tig welding on stainless steel 316L and its comparison with single Tig welding is executed.
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Abstract:
In this project, an experimental study has been conducted on Stellite 6 weld overlays deposited on the surface of AISI 410 martensitic stainless steel of OFE Valve components using Plasma Transferred Arc Welding (PTAW) technique.The coatings were then investigated to reveal their microstructure using scanning electron microscope (SEM), Liquid Penetrant Test is conducted to identify surface defects and hardness using Vickers micro hardness (HV0.3). In addition, wear tests were carried out using pin-on-disk testing apparatus (Tribometer) at the temperature of 400o c in order to study the wear resistance of coatings. Worn surfaces and debris obtained from the wear tests were investigated by SEM
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Abstract:
In today’s manufacturing industries, special attention is given to dimensional accuracy, geometric tolerance and surface finish. Machining is the most important category of material removal processes as it offers excellent dimensional tolerances and the best surface quality. There are three principal machining processes namely, turning, drilling, and milling. From various literatures review surveys that the surface roughness can be further improved by coated inserts instead of using uncoated inserts. Surface roughness of machined components has a major impact on their functional performances. The model is expected to predict the surface roughness in terms of cutting parameters like cutting speed, feed, and depth of cut. Minimum surface roughness can be achieved by the optimization of the machining parameters on Taguchi’s concept using Artificial Neural Network
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Abstract:
Laser cutting is an unconventional machining process utilized to cut various types of materials. Surface roughness & kerf width are the two main responses that are affected by the input parameters like laser power,cutting speed & assist gas pressurearranged at three levels during CO2 laser cutting of aluminium. The results show that the roughness decreases with increases in speed and assist gas pressure whereas kerf width decreases with increase in assist gas pressure alone. The present work also includes prediction of roughness & kerf width through feed forward back propagation feed forward artificial neural network. Out of 17 experiments 13 were used for training & 4 were used for testing. The mean squared error is very less and the regression is 0.99519, which indicate a good agreement between predicted & experimental values. So, the developed artificial neural network can be used for predicting roughness and kerf width during CO2 laser cutting of aluminium.
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Abstract:
In manufacturing industry, beside the dimensional and geometric tolerance of a component, surface quality is most commonly specified requirements. Surface roughness plays an important role in the performance of the component.  This is a study of the influence of the cutting parameters on the surface roughness during the turning of HCHCR alloy steel with coated tool.  Coating on tool: titanium-nitride, AlcrN, LATUMA  The objective was to optimization of the machining parameters as cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut for surface roughness.
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Abstract:
In machining operations, achieving desired surface quality features of the machined product, is really a challenging job on CNC machine. Because, these quality features are highly correlated and are expected to be influenced directly or indirectly by the direct effect of process parameters. In modern industry the goal is to manufacture low cost, high quality products in short time.Automated and flexible manufacturing systems are employed for that purpose along with CNCmachines that are capable of achieving high accuracy and very low processing time. Surface roughness is a measure of the technological quality of a product and a factor thatgreatly influences manufacturing cost. It describes the geometry of the machined surface andcombined with the surface texture, which is process dependent, can play an important role on theoperational characteristics of the part (e.g. appearance of excessive friction and/or wear). Theachievement of a desirable value is a repetitive and empirical process that can be very timeconsuming. The part must be machined more than once until an acceptable value is obtained.However, the extents of significant influence of the process parameters like speed, feed, and depth of cut are different for different responses. Improve the surface quality of work material by using coated inserts.To reduce the tool wear on milling cutters.To minimize the process steps by Optimize the parameters for quick response of conclusion to introduce tool coatings “Latuma&Pertura” To compare the machinability of Titanium specimen.
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Abstract:
The industry is moving from current state of automation to robotization, to increase productivity and to deliver uniform quality. The industrial robots of today may not look the least bit like a human being although all the research is directed to provide more and more anthropomorphic and humanlike features and super-human capabilities in these. One type of robot commonly used in industry is a robotic manipulator or simply a robotic arm. It is an open or closed kinematic chain of rigid links interconnected by movable joints. In some configurations, links can be considered to correspond to human anatomy as waist, upper arm and forearm with joint at shoulder and elbow. At end of arm a wrist joint connects an end effector which may be a tool and its fixture or a gripper or any other device to work.
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Abstract:
Man in his lifetime, uses energy in one form or the another form. In fact whatever happens in nature, results, out of the conversion of energy in one form or the another form. The blowing of the wind, the formation of the clouds and the flow of water are a few examples that stand testimony to this fact. The extensive usage of energy has resulted in an energy crisis, and there is a need to develop methods of optimal utilization, which will not only ease the crisis but also preserve the environment
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Abstract:
The aim of this paper was to investigate the effect of various laser cutting parameters like laser power, cutting speed and gas pressure during CO2 laser cutting of stainless steel 316L materials on roughness and kerf taper.Box behnken design involves three parameter at three levels were considered and the results were analyzed using Analysis of variance [ANOVA] method, which shows that the spindle speed influences roughness and kerf taper.Grey Relational Analysis [GRA] was applied to obtain grey relational grade which was analyzed to find the optimal parameters from the grey relational analysis the optimal parameters has been found power at level 1 (0.8 kw), speed at level 3 (4.5 m/min) and pressure at level 2 (0.15 bar).
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Abstract:
Laser cutting process is one of the modern manufacturing process used to machine various materials of different complex shapes. The objective of this project work was to investigate and evaluate the effect of various parameters like laser power, cutting speed and gas pressure during CO2 laser cutting of duplex steel on roughness and kerf width. Response surface methodology (RSM) has been utilized to plan the experiments, for which box behenken design which involves three parameter at three levels were considered. The results were analysed using Analysis of variance [ANOVA] method, which shows that the spindle speed influences roughness and kerf width. The fuzzy logic model was developed in MATLAB using mamdani techniques for which a set of 17 data with input parameters of laser power, cutting speed and gas pressure and responses are kerf width and surface roughness was utilized. Based on the results the proposed fuzzy model can be used to predict the kerf width and roughness during CO2 of duplex steel.
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Abstract:
The objective of this paper is to investigate the effect of laser cutting parameters on roughness and kerf characteristics for straight and curved cut during CO2 laser cutting of mild steel. Box behenken design considering three parameters laser power, cutting speed and assist gas pressure at three levels. Based on ANOVA, it was observed that cutting speed is the most influential parameter than laser power and gas pressure.
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Abstract:
This report deals with performance analysis of year round air conditioning system with the use of Phase Change Material to increase its Co-efficient of Performance. The idea of phase change materials (PCM) used for the purpose of storing thermal energy is to make use of the latent heat of a phase change, usually between the solid and the liquid state. Since a change of phase involves a large amount of latent heat of energy at small temperature changes, PCMs are used for temperature stabilization and for storing heat with large energy densities in combination with rather small temperature changes. The usage of PCMs is on one hand a question of a high energy storage density, but on the other hand it is very important to be able to charge and discharge the stored energy with a thermal power, that is suitable for the desired application. In the work presented, the analysis on air conditioning system is done with and without the use of Phase change material and their respective co-efficient of performances is calculated. KEYWORDS: air conditioner, phase change material (PCM), latent heat storage, calcium chloride hexahydrate, copper, refrigerant (R22), co-efficient of performance.
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Abstract:
Heat exchangers are the important engineering equipments used for transferring heat from one fluid to another. Heat exchangers are widely used in various kinds of application such as power plants, nuclear reactors, refrigeration and air-conditioning systems, heat recovery systems, petrochemical, mechanical and biomedical industries. Now days helical coiled heat exchangers are used in many large thermal industries because it can give high heat transfer coefficient in small footprint of surface area.This project focuses on the designing of shell and helical coiled heat exchanger and its thermal evaluation with cross flow configuration. In this project work, analysis will be carried out by considering the various parameters such as flow rate of cold water, flow rate of hot water, temperature, effectiveness and overall heat transfer coefficient etc. In this work, copper material is used for tube pass in helical coiled heat exchanger because of copper has good thermal conductivity( K) is 385w/m.k. So that it can give better results for improving overall performance of helical coiled heat exchanger. Finally result will be evaluated by varying mass flow rate of cold medium with different concentration of nanofluids.
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Abstract:
Every industry will expect the quality and time consumption for each and every product. In this work, we have investigated the effect of the process parameters in turning operation on cast iron using titanium carbide (insert). We have analyzed the results based on the factors like surface roughness, machining time, metal removal rate, tool wear. We conducted the various test in the cast iron by varying the speed, depth of cut, feed. Each and every reading are calculated and analyzed
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Abstract:
Thermal energy storage systems are necessary because the available energy like solar is intermittent whereas the utilization of thermal energy is continuous. The various methods of storing thermal energy are sensible heat storage, latent heat storage and thermo chemical storage, among this methods latent heat storage is preferred. Various materials are available to store thermal energy as latent heat; Paraffin is widely used phase change material (PCM) .This is because paraffin maintains its properties even after thousands of charging and discharging cycles. This only disadvantage with paraffin is that its poor thermal conductivity. Increasing the metal nanoparticles composition in the paraffin increasing the thermal conductivity of the system, however there is a limit for blending the metal Nano particles with the PCM also. This is because; higher the metal Nano particle composition, higher will be the chance of agglomeration, which in turn decrease the thermal conductivity of the composite material. The performance characteristics of the thermal energy storage system are (i) Thermal conductivity of the PCM, (ii) Charging period and (iii) discharging period of thermal energy storage system. In this work, it is proposed to determine the suitable proportion of metal Nano particles that can be blended with paraffin PCM and analysis the performance of thermal energy storage system selected
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Abstract:
It is believed that crude oil and petroleumproducts will become very costly and scarce. Fuel economy of engines getting improved and will continue to improve. With increased use and depletion of fossil fuels, alternatives fuels technology will become more common. This led to the search for an alternative fuels which should not only environment friendly but also sustainable without compromising on the performance. Many alternatives fuels gave improved performance ,specifically vegetable oil present a very hopeful alternative fuel for diesel oil because they are renewable,clean burning and having properties analogues to that of the diesel. Here, in this study we use cotton seed oil as a biodiesel. The main problem related with the combustion in C.I.engine is to get the homogeneous mixture of fuel and air. Air motion in compression ignition engine influences the distribution and atomization of fuel injected into the combustion chamber. This research include design and orientation of the inlet manifold, which is a major factor affecting the emission and performance of the engine .Swirl greatly enhances the mixing of diesel and fuel to give better homogeneous mixture within a short time. This paper aims at studying the performance and emission characteristics of water cooled engine by directing the airflow with helical spring in the intake manifold with waste cooking oil biodiesel blended with diesel in varying proportions on volume basis. Tests were carried out for pure diesel and biodiesel blend various parameter such as brake power,fuel consumption and mean effective pressure are calculated .The test results indicates that blend B25(25% of cotton seed oil,75%biodiesel)gives better performance and emission results compare to all fuel mixture and diesel under this study.
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Abstract:
Robots became irreplaceable in the modern world. Every manufacturing and production sectors are in the need of self-sophisticated environment. That will be widespread throughout the world. Latest development in the automation is robots. Biped robots are used in the process of research and technology. The step by step movement of the robots has been predicted by the desired motors. Objects will be recognized by the sensor placed in the robot. Firstly the locomotive function of the robots will be designed for the process. Collision avoidance method will be the key factor for the robots to walk without any distortion. Zero moment point helps the robots for stable walk and place the centre of gravity at a fixed point. Recognize the objects will be the main theme of the project, various applications can be added for future function. Gait pattern is very important term in the function of robot
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Abstract:
An implantable antenna is the key component of radio frequency linked telemetry devices. In proposed work, the liquid level of lungs is measured to find the patient status. The human body implantable antenna which works in 2.4GHZ through a wireless transmission .An MPAT is designed using HFSS software which gives greater accuracy in determining the antenna parameters. Return loss plays a major role in providing the affected patient status.
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Abstract:
Composite materials (Fibre Reinforced Polymers) are lightweight with high stiffness and strength. Polymeric Composite Materials have been used in boats, ships, submarines and offshore structures for the last fifty-five years. This paper overviews the polymer reinforcement of various fibres and the particles are investigated for their impact strength, energy intensity, the efficiency of the composite structure, ultimate strength, deformations, bending strength and impact resistance. After reviewing the natural fibre reinforcement, the fibre structure and its mechanical and thermal properties are reviewed. The paper also discusses Polymeric materials and honey core materials for its uses in light applications such as marine constructions and research development.
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Abstract:
Microwave imaging for breast cancer detection is based on the contrast in the electrical properties of healthy fatty breast tissues. This paper presents an industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) bands comparative study of five micro strip circular- rectangular patch antennas for microwave imaging at a frequency of 3-4 GHz. The choice of one antenna is made for an antenna array composed of 6 antennas for a microwave breast imaging system. Each antenna element is arranged in a circular configuration so that it can be directly faced to the breast phantom for better tumour detection. This choice is made by putting each antenna alone on the Breast skin to study the electric field, magnetic fields and current density in the healthy tissue of the breast phantom designed and simulated in a soft High Frequency Simulation Software (HFSS).
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