International Journals of Multidisciplinary Research
Academy (IJMRA)

Abstract:
In 2015, there were about five lakh road accidents in India, which killed about 1.5 lakh people and injured about five lakh people. India, as a signatory to the Brasilia declaration, intends to reduce road accidents and traffic fatalities by 50% by 2022. It seeks to address issues related to road accidents, third party insurance and road safety measures. The World Health Organization has noted that road accidents are a major public health problem as crashes kill more than 1.25 million people and injure about 50 million people a year, with 90% of such casualties occurring in developing countries.One serious road accident in the country occurs every minute and 16 die on Indian roads every hour. About 1214 road crashes occur every day in India. Two wheelers account for 25% of total road crash deaths. About 20 children under the age of 14 die every day due to road crashes in in the country. By keeping this in view, the present study is to assess the knowledgeand practices regarding Prevention of Road Traffic Accidents among Adolescents of Kasan village, Haryana. A cross sectional descriptive study was carried out among adolescents,a purposive sampling technique was adopted to select 100 samples. The questionnaire regarding knowledge and prevention on prevention of Road traffic Accidents was used to collect the data. The sample size of present study was 100 and sampling technique used was nonprobability purposive sampling. The result reveals that the knowledge level was high compared to the practice level,but need more such awareness programmes about prevention of road traffic accidents is necessary for adolescence to reduce the road accidents
Download full Length Paper......

Abstract:
In the early medieval period, Delhi emerged as the nerve-centre of Islam. With the establishment of the Delhi Sultanate, the city came to be regarded as a safe haven for not only the rulers and the nobility but also the scholars and men of piety. Gradually, Delhi became a focal point of Sufism. The most prominent silsilah in Delhi was the Chishti silsilah and the most popular Sufi saint was Shaikh Nizamuddin Auliya. This paper aims to analyze the rise and development of the Chishti silsilah and the role played by Shaikh Nizamuddin Auliya in popularizing Sufism in the city.
Download full Length Paper......

Abstract:
The study aimed to identify the causes of divorce and the most prominent social problems facing pre-wedding divorcees in Ajloun Governorate, the study sample consisted of (43) divorced women who were targeted through the method of social survey, and the questionnaire was used as a tool for the study, and the results showed that the main reasons for pre-wedding divorce are r: social, economic, personal and by percentage (56%), (34%), (20%), respectively, The most prominent problems experienced by divorced women before the wedding are (exposure to verbal violence, observation by people, and a sense of despair and the future is unknown) with arithmetic circles (3.60), (3.52) and (3.47) respectively, as the results showed that there are differences Statistical significance in the responses of the study sample individuals towards the social problems experienced by divorced women according to the variable of work and for the benefit of working women, and the absence of statistically significant differences according to the variables (age, educational status, place of residence, courtship period).
Download full Length Paper......

Abstract:
The State of Maharashtra is very progressive across the country in sense of Gross Domestic Product, urbanization, capital movement, speedily developed infrastructure, and so many things. There are many things which behind it. There could be political will, development banking as well as co-operative banking, role of agriculture and non-agriculture universities, good policies of Government, education, health-facilities and desire of society also. However, this paper is showing that apart from above mentioned factors, co-operative banking is crucial to state to achieving highest speed of growth and developments.
Download full Length Paper......

Abstract:
This research work studied the level of professional commitment of teacher educators serving in secondary teacher training institutions of Kolkata, West Bengal. The data were gathered through „institutional climate inventory‟ and „Teachers‟ morale rating Scale of Teacher Educators‟ from 80 teacher educators of 10 B. Ed. colleges of Kolkata. Results showed that the level of Teachers‟ morale of B. Ed. teacher educators in Kolkata is highly correlated with the institutional climate perception of them. Significant differences were found in teachers‟ morale of B. Ed. teacher educators with regard to Subject discipline and teaching experience. However, male and female teacher educators were found to have similar level of teachers‟ morale towards the institutional perception. The study discusses certain suggestions for enhancing the teachers‟ morale level of B. Ed. teacher educators.
Download full Length Paper......

Abstract:
"Health is wealth". Wealth of the any Nation depends upon the health of its citizens. In the light of this most of the developed countries in the world have more focus on health of their citizens and a larger portion of the budget in developed countries is kept for healthcare sector. The provision of medical care varies across countries and the nature of such Provisioning is determined by the socio-economic and political forces in a given society. Although there is great variety in provisioning, broadly there are three major types. First, there are countries where the state plays a central role in the finance, provision and administration of services but at the same time private interests in the form of individual practice, hospitals and other supportive services coexist. Second, there are countries where the state is the sole provider of medical care and no private interests are allowed. Third, there are countries which rely largely on the market for the provisioning of services. In the aftermath of the Second World War the general consensus in Europe as well as in the newly independent states of Africa and Asia was in favour of a planned economic development. In developing countries on the other hand, the degree to which the state has been involved in the provision of health services has varied somewhat, but the support for universal coverage has been high on the popular agenda. This is related to the fact that in some countries of south Asia (Sri Lanka and India) the initial years of independence witnessed health services taking a large share of planned outlays for investment in development.
Download full Length Paper......

Abstract:
Health economics has not been extensively studied at research level in Mizoram. As such, there have been only few studies regarding the provision of health facilities and its impact on the economy. As Mizoram is one of the smallest states rampant with critical illness such as cancer, cardiovascular disease and other lifestyle related diseases such as diabetes and hypertension. Besides the social cost, a study of the economic cost of provision of health and healthcare facilities is one of the most important and much needed studies in economic literature. This paper primarily aims at assessing delivery of health and healthcare facilities to patients in a public hospital. The study finds that public healthcare provision in Mizoram is a quintessential paradigm for the provision of free and basic universal healthcare services the society
Download full Length Paper......

Abstract:
The present article deals with the various development initiatives, policies, and programmes taken by the Government of India and Andhra Pradesh State Government to promote entrepreneurial development. Andhra Pradesh embarked upon a mission, which was, to be at the forefront of industrial development in the country by the year 2020. But fulfilling this Mission needs not only ideas and dreams but also a lot of hard work and realistic planning guided by well spelt out policy directions. To accomplish the objective of promoting entrepreneurial awareness and development among existing entrepreneurs as well as the upcoming entrepreneurs, the secondary data has been collected from the records and the published reports of the District Industries Centre (DIC), Chief Planning Officer, Chittoor, Commissioner of Industries (A.P.,), Andhra Pradesh Industrial & Technical Consultancy Organisation (APITCO), and Ministry of Industries, New Delhi. Apart from these, interviews were conducted with experts on the subject
Download full Length Paper......

Abstract:
Most of the areas inhabited by the SC/ST Communities are remote and underdeveloped. The SC/ST Communities live mostly in isolated villages or hamlets. A smaller portion of their population has now settled in permanent villages as well as in towns and cities. There are innumerable constraints responsible for lower pace of these communities development process than desired. These communities have been given numerous rights and concessions under various statutes of central as well as State Governments but they remain deprived of the benefits arising out of such statutory provisions due to their ignorance and apathy of enforcing agencies. There exists lack of awareness among tribal population about various developmental programs launched by Government of India and States, resulting in their exploitation. In spite of the efforts made by the Government, the benefits are not reaching to the really needy poor people. The basic problem is not of the scarcity of resources but that of mismanagement. The multiplicity of the agencies which are carrying out these programs has compounded the problem. Many times they are not able to co- ordinate their efforts or fail to follow up the programs over a longer duration. Against this backdrop, the present study reviews the impact of various developmental programs of the Central and the State Governments on overall development of SC/ST Communities.
Download full Length Paper......

Abstract:
The population of Scheduled Tribes (STs) in the country, as per census 2011 is 10.45 crore. STs constitute 8.6 per cent of the country's total population and 11.3 per cent of the total rural population. Tribal communities are in a scattered manner over India. All tribal are having their characteristic features and their issues, with varied culture and lifestyle. Government is continuously trying to do some changes and development for the better education, health and lifestyle to grow them at the same pace as other places do. Several steps have been taken by the central and state government to promote the citizens of a tribal region in all aspects through constitutional provisions with the various schemes. The major issue in those regions is Naxalism, because of which developmental plans and policies will get hindered. This problem needs to be illustrated in detail with causes, effects and solutions. As a result, those tribal communities will create their identity by their own and resist for survival. The only solution to grow those community is to promote and motivate them for education, because states namely, Tamil Nadu, Odisha, Madhya Pradesh, West Bengal and Kerala have shown gap of more than 18 percentage points in literacy rate of STs as compared to the total population during 2011. Through this research paper, authors would like to highlight the problems, challenges and importance of education in the tribal region to grow them economically.
Download full Length Paper......

Abstract:
This article is devoted to the consideration of the essential indicators of the efficiency of motor vehicle companies and their impact on the company’s sustainability, as well as the aspects significant for making management decisions. In addition, the article illustrates the proposals and recommendations aimed at improving the system of economic indicators.
Download full Length Paper......

Abstract:
This article is devoted to the consideration of issues of the informal employment and the level of imposing taxes on the population’s income in the economy of Uzbekistan in terms that quite a big part of the employed population is not taxed. In addition, the article reveals basic problems related to the taxation of income and their social consequences. In reliance upon these statements, the article represents the ways to reduce informal employment in Uzbekistan through improving the system of the income taxation.
Download full Length Paper......

Abstract:
Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. About 1 in 6 deaths is due to cancer. Cancer is caused by the tendencies and the triggers. Tendencies refer to hereditary or genetic factors while the triggers can arise from the environment, from one’s lifestyle or from some virus. The lifestyle factors include smoking, improper diet, alcohol, infections, physical inactivity and so on. According to the Cancer Foundation of India (CFI), Kolkata, 60-70 per cent cancer cases in India are lifestyle oriented. This paper is an analytical and descriptive one. It seeks to describe the role of lifestyle patterns in the causation of cancer in India. The work is based on secondary data.The findings indicate that of all cancer related deaths, almost 25-30% is due to tobacco, 30-35% is linked to diet, about 15-20% is due to infections and the remaining percentage is due to other factors.In India more than 1 million new cases of cancer are diagnosed every year. Although some authors argue that the risk factors in the causation of cancer in India are almost same as in other parts of the world, the specific socioeconomic patterns and bio-cultural factors necessitate exploring other causation trajectories. Research reveals that unhealthy diet, tobacco use, alcohol and drug consumption, low physical activity are responsible for 8, 4.8, 2.5, 0.8 per cent cancer causation in India respectively.Unhealthy lifestyles make a significant contribution to ill health and mortality. Increased public awareness of the links between lifestyles and cancer is the need of the hour as it might help people understand the health consequences of their actions and encourage them to make much needed lifestyle changes.
Download full Length Paper......

Abstract:
The issue of achieving sustainable livelihoods (SL) is a constant problem that has gained significant interest for all countries. Livelihood of people comprises five core types of assest base namely human, social, natural, physical and financial assest. Even though contexts of vulnerability and coping from shocks has been highlighted to be critical to SL, which particularly in context of disasters is seen to be ignored. This study aims to make a comparison between the pre- and post- floods (2014) situation based on various SL components and understanding the coping mechanisms adopted by these communities to diversify their livelihood after the floods. A Capacities and Vulnerability Analysis (CVA) was also crried out in order to support the effort of people to achieve socio-economic development post the floods in Dal lake. The essence of enquiry revealed through specific research questions like how changes in different livelihood assets are measured in various pockets, how relevant indicators and variables are related to different types of assets for livelihood assets, what is the refection of livelihood assets pentagon, how should livelihood assets be improved in the future in terms of the information for comparing the pre and post disaster situations? The present study prompts us to a conclusion that the assets changes significantly from one spatial scale to other across the lake with the change associated with different results and features. But all these attributes instinctively showed that there has been a major lacuna in the government management systems which failed to support the Dal dwelling communities post the floods of 2014.
Download full Length Paper......

Abstract:
This paper aims to explore dynamics of society, knowledge and space in India during 19th and 20th century with reference to four texts –Gulamgiri, Kisan ka Koda, Karma Yoga, and Annihilation of Caste. The text Gulamgiri, Kisan Ka Koda and Karma Yoga represent views of Mahatma Phule and Swami Vivekananda about human beings, social formation and participation in public space. Similarly, the text Annihilation of Caste reflects views of Dr. Ambedkar on caste system; this text also provides a very rare insight about construction of knowledge and space in 20th century through dialogue, convergence and difference of opinion among Jat-Pat-Todak Mandal( Arya Samaj), Dr. Ambedkar and Mahatma Gandhi. Further, it deals with the issue of social formation, knowledge and space into the mainstream of 20th century. The methodology of the paper is to examine texts written by intellectuals from different segments (both with reference to social as well as occupational) in 19th and 20th century. The texts Gulamgiri(1873), Kisan ka Koda(1883) , Karma Yoga( 1896) were written in the 19th century and Annihilation of Caste(1936) was written in the 20th century.
Download full Length Paper......

Abstract:
The main purpose of this paper has been to examine the effects of some of the key macroeconomic variables on Ethiopia’s economic growth. Unit roots first tested to determine the stationarity status of the variables using the Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) and Phillips Peron (PP) tests and further investigated for Co-integration using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag Models (ARDL) based on timeseries data over the period 1974 to 2017. The study result revealed that gross domestic investment to be an important prerequisite for accelerating growth. Similarly, increasing human capital would help to contribute to growth. The empirical results also suggest that official development assistance promotes economic growth. Alternatively, the external debt and inflation are negatively related to country’s economic growth. From the findings, it is recommended that relevant policies should be formulated to ensure that each of this factors move in a direction such that they enhance economic growth.
Download full Length Paper......