International Journals of Multidisciplinary
Research Academy (IJMRA)

Abstract:
: Let G be a simple graph with vertex set V(G) and edge set E(G). The total graph T(G) of G is a graph with vertex set V(G)  E(G) where two vertices are adjacent if and only if they are adjacent vertices of G or they are adjacent lines of G or one is a vertex of G and another is a line of G incident with it. In this paper we studied the concept of eccentric domination number of total graph T(G), obtained bounds of this parameter and determined its exact value for several classes of graphs.
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Abstract:
Degree of approximation of functions of different classes has been studied by several researchers by using different summability methods. In the proposed paper a new theorem has been established for the approximation of a function belonging to the Lip()-class by (N, p ,q )(E,s) n n - product summability means of a conjugate series of Fourier series. The result obtained here is a generalization of several known theorems
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Abstract:
Many Indian mathematicians calculate the approximate value of π. The value of π stated by Āryabhata – I was accepted by all the mathematicians which is (π = 22/7). Indian mathematicians used different methods to find the values of π. Madhava of Sangamgram of Kerala calculated the value of π in terms of infinite series. This method of finding the value of π is the beginning of idea of calculus in India. These methods are found in the text Yuktibhasha of Jyesthadeva (1500-1610 ad.),Tantrasangraha of Nilakantha (1443- 1560 ad.),Kriyakramakari of Sankara Variyar (1500-1560 ad.). We have discussed here three methods of finding the value of π and also calculus involved in it. These three methods cover the idea of infinitesimal calculus. These methods are as follows.
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Abstract:
An updated species list and conservation assessment of ferns and lycophytes at Kampo Uno, Katipunan, Davao-Arakan Valley Road, North Cotabatowere provided on the basis of recent field survey and examination of herbarium specimens. Among the 60 identified species in the area, 50 % are rare in terms of local assessment. On the other hand, 25 % are abundant and the remaining 25 % are very abundant. Out of the 60 species four are endangered, which belong to the family Cyatheaceae. On the other hand, 12 species are vulnerable and the rest of the species belong to Other Wildlife Species (OWS) and Other Threatened Species (OTS).
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Abstract:
In industrial sector Hoisting mechanisms are play very important role. Also fast processing units are available in industries so for better work distribution and consider less time requirement are necessary parameters.Modify design for EOT crane by using different software and also numerical and theoretical methods which are available. So we can improve performance of different components of EOT crane. By using Mathematical model we can improve structural features of the crane and prevent damage of various components of EOT crane. A lot of work has been done in these field of design for EOT crane. Many researchers had been investigated , some of them are described here.
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Abstract:
In the present competitive scenario of manufacturing, companies are working towards continuous improvement to sustain the global market. This paper manifests an economical way of identifying the opportunities of improvement using a lean tool Value Stream Mapping (VSM). Bottleneck stations which are the main hindrance to the line productivity are identified and balanced using cycle time analysis and VSM. This helps the company to cope up with the changing demand patterns.VSM is an effective lean manufacturing tool which aids in identification and classification of Value-Added (VA), Non-Value Added (NVA) and Essential Non-Value Added (ENVA) activities. Using VSM symbols the current state was sketched and the opportunities for the improvement were identified in a cost effective manner. Future state was depicted with suggestions from various brainstorming sessions. Continuous improvement techniques were used to implement the suggestions stated in the future state. The suggestions were put to action in the future state which resulted in reduction of total manufacturing lead time by 101 seconds and increased production by 12.9%. On implementing the suggested changes a savings of 11.76% from the total expenditure (to operate one shift) was achieved.This paper provides the true picture of application of VSM to identify improvements which are economically feasible and verified by cost benefit analysis.
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Abstract:
The present paper describes MHD free convective, dissipative boundary layer flow past a vertical porous surface under the influence of thermal radiation, chemical reaction and constant suction, with the effect of uniform magnetic field which is applied normal to the surface is studied. The governing equations are solved using scaling group of transformations. The system remains invariant due to relations between the parameters of the transformations. By applying these transformations momentum equation, energy equation and diffusion equation reduced to non – linear 3rd and 2nd order ordinary differential equations. These equations are solved numerically. Finally the effects of various physical parameters of the flow are analyzed graphically using MATLAB.
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Abstract:
In this paper , we introduce the notion of S- anti-fuzzy soft right R-subgroups of near-rings and its basic properties are investigated. We also study the homomorphic image and pre image of S- anti-fuzzy soft right R- subgroups. Using S-norm, we introduce the notion on sensible anti-fuzzy soft right R-subgroups in near- rings and some related properties of a near-rings ‘R’ are discussed.
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Abstract:
The generalized linear differential equation with constant coefficients has been considered for finding the non-dimensional form of constitution equation of standared linear solid viscoelastic model depending upon the time dependent parmeter 𝜏 and frequency 𝜔. The non-dimensional form has been deriverd by taking the sinsuidal variation of stress (𝜎 = 𝜎0𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑡 or 𝑃 = 𝑃0𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜔𝜃) and strain 𝛾 = 𝛾0𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜔𝜃. The viscoelastic body’s behavior has also be disscued at different values of 𝜏 and results be derived at low frequency and at high frequency and it has been concluded that linear viscoelastic bodies behaves periodically under the influence of periodic stress and strains
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Abstract:
Most real-life biometric systems are still unimodal. Unimodal biometric systems perform person recognition based on a single source of biometric information. Such systems are often affected by some problems such as noisy sensor data, non-universality and spoof attacks. Multibiometrics overcomes these problems. Multibiometric systems represent the fusion of two or more unimodal biometric systems. Such systems are expected to be more reliable due to the presence of multiple independent pieces of evidence. In this paper, we present a multibiometric recognition system using two types of biometrics Iris and Palm print. The fusion is applied at the matching-score level. The experimental results showed that the designed system achieves an excellent recognition rate.
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Abstract:
In this paper we introduce different algorithm for reconstruction of a one dimensional function from its zero crossings. However, none of them is stable and computable in real time. An algorithm for computing the cubic spline interpolation coefficients for polynomials is presented in this paper. The matrix equation involved is solved analytically so that numerical inversion of the coefficient matrix is not required. For f(t) = 𝑡 𝑚 , a set of constants along with the degree of polynomial m are used to compute the coefficients so that they satisfy the Interpolation constraints but not necessarily the derivative constraints. Then, another matrix equation is solved analytically to take care of the derivative constraints. The results are combined linearly to obtain the unique solution of the original matrix equation. This algorithm is tested and verified numerically for various examples.
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Abstract:
A Diophantine equation is a polynomial equation 𝑃 𝑥1 , 𝑥2 , ⋯ , 𝑥𝑛 = 0 where the polynomial 𝑃 has integral coefficients and one is interested in solutions for which all the unknowns take integer values. For example, 𝑥 2 +𝑦 2 = 𝑧 2 and 𝑥 = 3, 𝑦 = 4, 𝑧 = 5 is one of its infinitely many solutions. Another example is 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 1 and all its solutions are given by 𝑥 = 𝑡, 𝑦 = 1 − 𝑡 where 𝑡 passes through all integers. A third example is 𝑥 2 +4𝑦 = 3. This Diophantine equation has no solutions, although note that 𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 = 3 4 is a solution with rational values for the unknowns. Diophantine equations are rich in variety. Two – variable Diophantine equation have been a subject to extensive research, and their theory constitutes one of the most beautiful, most elaborate part of mathematics, which nevertheless still keeps some of its secrets for the next generation of researchers. In this paper, we investigate positive integral solutions of the Diophantine equation 𝐾 2 −56𝑅 2 − 32𝐾 −224𝑅 − 224 = 0 which is transformed into a Pell’s equation and is solved by various methods
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Abstract:
Tumors are one of the most dangerous diseases that are difficult to cure completely when detected after its initial stage. Early detection of this will help to get proper treatment. Tumors cause changes in tissues which can be detected using many imaging techniques like Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). The system is proposed for the autonomous segmentation of tumor tissues from normal tissues in MRI images using Gray Level Co-Occurrence Matrix (GLCM) features extraction and Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier.
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Abstract:
The aim of this paper is to analyze the system consisting of one main unit and three cold standby units. The system is provided with maintenance facility under the constraint of synchronous operation of all the cold standby units. This provision of maintenance has a significant role in order to improve the reliability of the whole system. There is a single repairman available for both purposes: repair as well as maintenance. System effectiveness measures such as behavior of Mean time to system failure (MTSF), Availability, Busy period and Cost benefit analysis has been done for the present study using Semi-markov process and Regenerative point technique. Graphical interpretation has also been performed considering particular cases.
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Abstract:
Elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) has been attractive to the people who are working in the field of the network security due to its good potential for wireless sensor network security due to its smaller key size and its high strength of security. But there is a room to reduce the key calculation time to meet the potential applications, in particular for wireless sensor networks (WSN). It is well known that scalar multiplication is the operation in elliptical curve cryptography which takes 80% of key calculation time on wireless sensor network motes. In this paper, the research proposes algorithm based on 1’s complement subtraction to represent scalar in scalar multiplication which offer less Hamming weight and will remarkably improve the computational efficiency of scalar multiplication.
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Abstract:
In this paper we forward methods of constructing conference matrices of order 18 and 26 by suitable combination of adjacency matrices of suitable coherent configuration.
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Abstract:
GARCH model is used in the analysis of financial time series widely, the model can simulate financial time series.The domestic implementation loosed monetary policy because of the domestic individual investors investment enthusiasm rising.Under the background large amounts capital surplus,this paper research A-share market index volatility characteristics through stationary, ARCH effect test, then it established GARCH, Garch-M, EGARCH dynamic time series model.The conclusion is Garch-M model has the best fitting effect for A-share market index yield
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Abstract:
This paper presents the remote-controlled vehicle using RF, implementation of smart logic and control system based on embedded systems using a microcontroller, the vehicle is controlled by the RF based remote control, in which user interface is developed to give instructions to vehicle for movements. Few instructions are added to enable or disable the functionality on robot side. Vehicle consists of obstacle sensor, temperature sensor & light sensor, vehicle moves with the help of a s y n c h r o n o u s H-bridge, the vehicle is interfaced with the intellectual device called microcontroller. Microcontroller controls the movement of the robot by decoding the signals received from the RF based remote controller, and performs the programmed tasks as per received signal. In this project, we implemented a password authentication so that the vehicle can’t be used by wrong persons for wrong purposes. Based on the commands given by user at the RF remote side vehicle takes it direction, in its path if it finds any obstacle or if temperature exceed the range 85 to 110 degrees centigrade or if any light falls on its path the vehicle gives alert to user, so that the user can controls the vehicle successfully. This RF based vehicle is used for military security purpose such as spy robot, in industrial security.
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Abstract:
We report ecological synthesis of mesoporous molecular sieves of M41S family using coal fly ash (CFA) available in ample as the thermal power station waste during electricity generation. This contributes to the green synthesis of MCM-41 at a cheaper production cost. Coal fly ash was used to synthesize MCM-41 by alkali fusion followed by hydro-thermal treatment and was characterized using various techniques viz. XRD, SEM, FTIR, TGA-DTG, N2-sorption for surface area measurement etc. The synthesis and history dependent parameters were optimized to obtain highly crystalline phase of MCM-41. During the synthesis crystallization kinetics was studied. The highly crystalline nature and well ordered phase was obtained at 120 0C with utmost BET surface area 1053m2 /g with high purity. The activation energy of crystallization kinetics was found to be 160.31 kJ/mole.
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Abstract:
This article presents the behaviour of ferrocement slabs reinforced with low strength steel fibres. The ferrocement slab were fabricated with dimensions of 1.0x0.84x0.035m and provided chicken mesh in one and two layers along with the discrete fibres in the proportion of 0.75, 1.0 and 1.50% by volume of specimen. Total 16 slabs were cast and tested in the laboratory under uniformly distributed load with two opposite edges fixed and other two edges were simply supported. First crack and ultimate load capacity of the slabs were noticed for each slab. The results revealed that 1% of fibres volume is effective to take the more loads when compared to other dosages of fibres. The crack width was decreased for slabs wchich consists of steel fibres when compared with slabs without steel fibbers. The reserved factor (failure load/ cracking load) for the slabs varied form 1.6 to 2.6.
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Abstract:
: Wavelet selection is most important part in signal compression as well as in signal denoising etc. In this paper we have proposed a technique of best wavelet selection for image processing using SPIHT method. By image compression, we can reduce the storage space of images that will be helpful to increase storage and transmission process’s performance. Compression is implemented in software using MATLAB Wavelet Toolbox [10], [11]. We have analysed two terms namely compression ratio and bit per pixel. Many wavelets are used in signal and image processing. We have taken Haar, Daubechies, Biorthogonal and Symlet wavelet out of these for best wavelet analysis.
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Abstract:
Weeds are major competitors of rice growing in the farming land. Supply of nutrients for the productivity of rice enhances weed growth. Identification of major weeds from agricultural land and their quantitative estimation as competitors must be required for proper management of weeds. Present study was conducted in tubs and plastic trays to identify the growth status of weeds compared with the growth record of rice (in vitro study) and estimate the biochemical activities during competition.Commelina diffusa andAlternanthera sessilis are the common perennial weeds found in all rice fields of West Bengal, India. Different morphological parameters of rice plants and weeds were estimated after seven days of intervals for three months. Biochemical study was also conducted after four week of plantation of rice plants and weeds. Growth of rice was inhibited due to profuge growth of Commelina diffusa andAlternanthera sessilis. Yield of grains and plant biomass were also decreased. This study revealed that Alternanthera sessilis was more competitor of rice than Commelina diffusa. Without proper management of weeds, maximum rice productivity would not have been possible.
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Abstract:
Waste water is important for plants for its growth and development and its use as irrigational source is very common in countries like India. In this study, waste water from outfalls of river Ganga in West Bengal region were analyzed season wise during the period of 2016. The effect of waste water was measured morphologically and biochemically on Mung Bean (Vigna radiata). An approach to study the range of low molecular weight peptide(s) (3-0.5 kDa) were taken through its isolation by solvent extraction method, ultra filtration and HPLC both in normal and treated plants. The study during pre-monsoon and post monsoon season indicated by stem length, leaf length, lead width, petiole length and intermodal distance were found inhibited by waste water treatment. Whereas, the isolated peptide(s) induced by waste water treatment showed the inhibition of Mung Bean (Vigna radiata)seed germinations. The inhibition was found pronounced in premonsoon and post monsoon in comparing to monsoon season
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Abstract:
Environment is most important for social and economic development of human life. Today’s we have the largest generation of youth migrated in urban area and so the youth are faced the unemployment in any form is a drag on an economy was that of growing patterns in youth unemployment which major socio- economic challenges. Mostly rural youth facing different challenges of Maharashtra people living in the rural villages and the agriculture making these regions the greatest properties of rural youth. An environment all challenge was impact of the natural recourses so we global trend towards rapid urbanization and migration, especially many youth. All surroundings of a living organism, including natural forces and other living things, which provide conditions for development and growth as well as of danger and damage. The environmental impact of agriculture varies based on the wide variety of agricultural practices employed around the world. Ultimately, the environmental impact depends on the production practices of the system used by farmers. The connection between emissions into the environment and the farming system is indirect, as it also depends on other climate variables such as rainfall and temperature.
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Abstract:
The present experimental work investigated the effects of cutting parameters on surface roughness in shoulder milling of AL7075-T6 aluminium alloy using a coated solid carbide cutter. Response surface methodology was used to develop a mathematical model to predict surface roughness in terms of cutting speed, feed rate, depth of cut. The objective of this study was to develop a better understanding of the effects of spindle speed, feed rate and depth of cut on the surface roughness then to build a multiple regression model. Such an understanding could provide insight into the problems of controlling the finish of machined surfaces when the process parameters were adjusted to obtain a certain surface finish. Surface roughness value was measured using Mitutoyo Surf test SJ201tester. The adequacy of the model was verified using analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the effect of spindle speed (Vc), feed rate (fz) and depth of cut (ap), and interactions of all variables predicted the surface roughness values within the confidence limit. The deviation between predicted and measured surface roughness values was within an error band of about 5 per cent.The contour plots were generated to study the effect of process parameters as well as their interactions.
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Abstract:
Bilateral mock theta functions were obtained and studied in [22]. We express them in terms of Lerch's transcendental function𝑓(𝑥, 𝜉; 𝑞, 𝑝). We also express some bilateral mock theta functions as sum of other mock theta functions. We generalize these functions and show that these generalizations are 𝐹𝑞 functions. We give an integral representation for these generalized functions
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Abstract:
An overview of the fundamental physical process responsible for optical amplification in Raman fiber amplifiers and in rare earth doped (thulium-doped and erbium- doped) fiber amplifiers, is discussed. We formulate basic equations governing optical amplification for each of the two types of amplifiers and define the important parameters used for performance characterization of these amplifiers. This paper outlines the method used in doped fiber amplifiers.
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Abstract:
In this paper we focus on the solution procedure of the Fuzzy crashing time problem with Fuzzy parameters. We propose a new method for the solution of Fuzzy Trade off problems without converting them into classical Fuzzy problems. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate the solution procedure developed in this paper and it is easy to understand and to apply for finding Fuzzy optimal solution of Fuzzy Trade off problems in real life situation.
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Abstract:
Awarness of tumour growth characteristics is important in treatment of deadly disease Cancer. Experiments take lengthy time to explore the characteristics and availability of required sample size is another drawback in making conclusions about tumour growth characteristics. Mathematical modeling and statistical theory facilitates in predicting results without conducting experiments practically and making inferences about tumour growth parameters from sample characteristics. In this paper, the proliferation rates and interval estimates of proliferation rates with different confidence levels of various human cancer tumours were estimated with the help of tumour growth equation and sampling theory using doubling times from experimental data.
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Abstract:
Awarness of tumour growth characteristics is important in treatment of deadly disease Cancer. Experiments take lengthy time to explore the characteristics and availability of required sample size is another drawback in making conclusions about tumour growth characteristics. Mathematical modeling and statistical theory facilitates in predicting results without conducting experiments practically and making inferences about tumour growth parameters from sample characteristics. In this paper, the proliferation rates and interval estimates of proliferation rates with different confidence levels of various human cancer tumours were estimated with the help of tumour growth equation and sampling theory using doubling times from experimental data.
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Abstract:
Production of ethanol from molasses fermentation by different microbes was studied in a sugar factory. Sacharymyces (Yeast) and Trichoderma spp. are the predominant organisms contributed 24.44 and 35.59 percent population contribution. Trichoderma spp. can produce highest quantity of ethanol (0.52 ml/gm) when glucose is used as substrate followed by cellulose and xylose. Highest 0.37 ml/gm ethanol is produced during molasses fermentation by Trichoderma followed by Sacharomyses. Commercial ethanol production hence may be recommended from molasses using Trchoderma spp
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Abstract:
Sesuvium portulacastrum (Aizoaceae family) is mangrove associate known for its antimicrobial , antifungal activity.The present study focuses on comparative analysis of phytochemicals present in Sesuvium portulacastrum (Aizoaceae family) using GCMS ,ICP AES and IR spectroscopy. The work also highlights the different phytochemicals present in various parts like stem and leaves of the plants from Aizoaceae family. The IR spectroscopy elucidates different functional groups present in the phytochemicals from different parts of plant .The GCMS has identified 15,15,14 phytochemicals respectively from Sesuvium portulacastrum ethyl acetate leaf, petroleum ether stem and chloroform whole plant extracts. This study also is noteworthy as it uses ICP AES techniques in analyzing different elements present in Sesuvium portulacastrum. This work emphasizes the importance of sophisticated analytical Instrumentation, in phytochemical characterization and the technique can also reveal the difference in phytochemicals present in different parts of the same plant
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Abstract:
The need for high performance of organ or tissues images pushed many scientists to study the factors affecting the image resolution. Too many factors such as distance, number of counts, and type of collimator were studied in this paper. Count loss depends on the whole energy spectrum; the apparent dead-time depends on the window fraction. Scatter causes narrower of the window fraction then longer dead-time. Resolution is the most talked about digital camera characteristic and is often used to describe image quality. Diverging, converging and pinhole collimators are useful for the change of field view but the image distortion caused by the magnification with depth is a problem.
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Abstract:
Production of ethanol from molasses fermentation by different microbes was studied in a sugar factory. Sacharymyces (Yeast) and Trichoderma spp. are the predominant organisms contributed 24.44 and 35.59 percent population contribution. Trichoderma spp. can produce highest quantity of ethanol (0.52 ml/gm) when glucose is used as substrate followed by cellulose and xylose. Highest 0.37 ml/gm ethanol is produced during molasses fermentation by Trichoderma followed by Sacharomyses. Commercial ethanol production hence may be recommended from molasses using Trchoderma spp
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Abstract:
Sesuviumportulacastrum(Aizoaceae family) is mangrove associate known for its antimicrobial , antifungal activity.The present study focuses on comparative analysis of phytochemicals present in Sesuviumportulacastrum(Aizoaceae family) using GCMS ,ICP AES and IR spectroscopy. The work also highlights the different phytochemicals present in various parts like stem and leaves of the plants from Aizoaceae family. The IR spectroscopy elucidates different functional groups present in the phytochemicals from different parts of plant .The GCMS has identified 15,15,14 phytochemicals respectively from Sesuviumportulacastrumethyl acetate leaf, petroleum ether stem and chloroform whole plant extracts. This study also is noteworthy as it uses ICP AES techniques in analyzing different elements present in Sesuviumportulacastrum. This work emphasizes the importance of sophisticated analytical Instrumentation, in phytochemical characterization and the technique can also reveal the difference in phytochemicals present in different parts of the same plant
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Abstract:
The need for high performance of organ or tissues images pushed many scientists to study the factors affecting the image resolution. Too many factors such as distance, number of counts, and type of collimator were studied in this paper. Count loss depends on the whole energy spectrum; the apparent dead-time depends on the window fraction. Scatter causes narrower of the window fraction then longer dead-time. Resolution is the most talked about digital camera characteristic and is often used to describe image quality.Diverging, converging and pinhole collimators are useful for the change of field view but the image distortion caused by the magnification with depth is a problem.
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Abstract:
In Nigeria, like any other country of the world, small and medium scale sector plays a very important role in economic development of the nation. The sector remained a vital part of the country economy as it provides massive employments; generates basic raw materials to the economy, provide revenue through taxation, generates foreign exchange and largely provides security and stability. Small and medium scale enterprises (SMEs) have been generally acknowledged as the bedrock of the industrial development of any nation. Apart from the numerous goods and services, they provide a veritable means of large scale employment as they are usually labour intensive (Yerima et al 2007). SMEs activities are often found within the areas of human endeavours: manufacturing, production, information, services, agriculture, hotel and restaurants, financial intermediation, real estate, education, building and constructions, mining and quarrying.
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Abstract:
In present days non-conventional machining like electrical discharge machining (EDM) is used to withstand the competition and to meet the demands in the industry. EDM is one where electrical sparks are generated by creating voltage difference between the electrode and work piece. The eroding of material takes place. To machine the materials which are difficult to machine in traditional machining and for temperature resistant high strength alloys EDM is applicable. The practical applications include dies in watches, mould cavity with deeper and narrow slots, mould cavity for the injection molding. The theme of this project is to optimize the machining parameters in die sinking electrical discharge machining in order to able the best parameter to get the high MRR and low SR. In present the work pieces is AISI 316 stainless steel materials and Copper electrode with 9. are used to conduct the experiments by varying the control factors such as Discharge current (Ip), Pulse on time (Ton) and Duty cycle (%). Process responses such as material removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness (SR) are determined for every experimental run. With a minimum amount of experimentation Taguchi’s L9 orthogonal array (OA) is used to study the response of control factors with varying levels in commercial tool MINITAB 17. To get the optimized results individually for process responses, Taguchi single objective optimization is used. And finally, a mathematical and statistical technique called Response surface methodology (RSM) has been used for the analysis and modeling of the MRR and SR by using the commercial tool Design expert 9.0.3.1.
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Abstract:
Milling is the most common form of machining process used in the production of moulds/ dies, due to the high tolerances and surface finishes by cutting away the unwanted material. The selection of Air hardening tool steel is widely used in production of moulds/ dies because of less wear resistance are used for large components. Due to extensive use of highly automated machine tools in the industry, manufacturing requires reliable models and methods for the prediction of output performance of machining processes. The major objective of the present study is modeling and analysis of machining parameters in end milling for material removal rate and surface roughness by considering the input parameters such as cutting speed, feed rate, axial-depth of cut, radial depth of cut and nose radius. The design of experiment (DOE) technique has been implemented to conduct the experiments which in turn reduced the number of experiments. The most accurate prediction models were developed using response surface methodology. The predicted results were analyzed through experimental verification. To have more precise investigation in to the models, a regression analysis of experimental and predicted outputs was performed. In order to study the main effects and interaction effects of machining parameters, analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed. To judge the ability efficiency of the developed models, percentage deviation and average percentage deviation has been used.
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Abstract:
Rician noise in Magnetic Resonance images affects the image contrast, signal dependent bias and signal to noise ratio value. The combined Gabor filter with Gradient projection filter was developed to remove the Rician noise in Magnetic Resonance images and compared its performance with the state-of-the-art filtering methods. The algorithm was developed in the TMS320C6713DSK, which exhibited improvements in the image quality and signal to noise ratio value. Further, it reduces the noise component and preserves the image features with less execution time. For testing the noise removal algorithm, two different levels of Rician noise were added with the raw MR images and removed using the popular and the proposed method. The performance of the proposed method was compared with the popular methods through the estimation of quantitative metrics and visual inspection
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Abstract:
A study on the thereotical and application of the statistical filtering techniques for the spam classification problems has been conducted and its results are presented. The research methodology applied in this study starts with building the dataset, correcting errors in the datasetand discusses the techniques to compute the probability of tokens in the dataset and the statistical application of the token values. The analysis shown is used to depict that statistical filtering is better than heuristic-based filtering because the former approach gives specific information about making a decision. All the four popular techniques in use today namely- Bayesian Combination by Paul Graham, Bayesian Combination by Brian Burton, Robinson’s Geometric Mean Test and Fisher-Robinson’s Inverse Chi- Square and their merits and demerits have been discussed in detail
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Abstract:
The study is to investigate the effects of programmed instructional package on secondary school students’ achievement in mathematics. The study employed a quasi experimental procedure. The specific design is non-equivalent control group design. The sample for the study comprised of 300 SSII students drawn from four co-educational secondary schools in Awgu Education Zone of Enugu state. The four secondary schools were randomly sampled from a total of 46 secondary schools in the zone as at the time of this study. Two intact classes from the four schools were randomly assigned to the experimental group while the remaining two classes were assigned to the control group. Two research questions and one hypothesis guided the study. The experimental group was taught mathematics using programmed instructional package while the control group was taught the same contents using conventional method. Data for the study on the students’ achievement in mathematics were collected using mathematics achievement test. Data were analyzed using adjusted mean, standard deviations and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). The results of the study revealed that programmed instructional package is superior to the conventional package in improving students’ achievement in mathematics. Programmed instruction did not discriminate significantly across gender in terms of achievement in mathematics. The results of the study also revealed that there was no significant interaction between gender and instructional approach on students’ achievement in mathematics. Based on findings the researcher made recommendations and suggested areas for further studies.
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Abstract:
In this paper a linear relation H= (0.199 – 0.037λ 1.940) B – ( 7.754 – 1.706λ 1.746) where B is the bulk modulus and λ is a parameter which is the average difference of group numbers of the constituent atoms (in the periodic table ) of the compounds is proposed for microhardness of ANB 8-N ( N = 2, 3, 4 ) semiconductors. This equation has been obtained through the linear relations proposed for microhardness and bulk modulus in terms of bond hardness. Estimated values of B for group- IV, IV-IV, II-VI and III-V semiconductors are in closer agreement with the experimental and reported values. Microhardness of Sn, SiC, GeC, SnC, SiGe, SiSn, GeSn, BSb and CdO has been reported for the first time.
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Abstract:
The ternary bulk sample of (Bi0.8Tb0.1Ba0.1Fe0.9Ti0.1O3)was prepared by using a solid state reaction technique. In this paper the structural, electrical and magnetic properties of ceramics have been investigated. The XRD patterns of the samples at room temperature showed perovs kite phase with hexagonal structure at room temperature. Studies of dielectric properties of the compounds with frequency at different temperatures (25-400oC), exhibits two dielectric anomalies, one at 175oC and other around 320oC (ferroelectric–paraelectric type transition).The Curie temperature shifted towards the lower temperature with the increase in frequency. The low value of activation energy obtained for this ceramic samples could be attributed to the influence of electronic contribution to the conductivity. By using VSM technique, a significant change in the magnetic properties was observed for this ceramic. The highest magnetization field were found attemperature 5K. The impedance analysis confirm the non-Debye type behaviour of the compound.The relaxation frequency shifted to higher side with increase in temperature.The Nyquist plot and conductivity studies showed the NTCR character of samples.
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Abstract:
The purpose of this paper is to establish a common fixed point theorems in fuzzy metric space using the concept of weak compatible mappings for four self-mapping and generalizing the result of Sharma et.al[8]. We also cite an example in support of ourresult.
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Abstract:
The present study was aimed to study the seed mycoflora and assess and its effect on protein content of four species of Cassia viz, Cassia fistula Linn, Cassia occidentalis Linn, Cassia sophera Linn and Cassia tora Linn. Test fungi (Aspergillus niger and Curvularia lunata)were selected on the basis of their percentage frequency and dominance over the seed surface. Sterilized healthy seeds were artificially infested asceptically with one ml spore suspension and incubated for 15, 30 & 45 days at room temperature Control was maintained by adding one ml sterilized distilled water instead of spore suspension. After incubation seeds were dried at 60C for 48 hrs then taken for qualitative and quantitative analysis of protein, results shows the protein content decreased gradually after 15, 30 and 45 days of incubation. InCassia fistula seeds contains 48.12 g/mg protein content which showed decreasing trend under infestation by Aspergillus niger and Curvularia lunata with increasing incubation period.In Cassia occidentaliswas infested with Aspergillus niger and Curvularia lunata the protein content decreased gradually after 15, 30 and 45 days of incubation respectively.In Cassia sophera the protein content was 49.04 g/mg but gradually decreased under infestation. And in case of Cassia tora contained 30.73 g/mg protein which gradually decreased under infestation.
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Abstract:
Pesticide sprays can directly hit non-target vegetation, or can drift or volatilize from the treated area and contaminate air, soil, and non-target plants. Some pesticide drift occurs during every application, even from ground equipment (Glotfelty and Schomburg, 1989). Drift can account for a loss of 2 to 25% of the chemical being applied, which can spread over a distance of a few yards to several hundred miles. As much as 80–90% of an applied pesticide can be volatilised within a few days of application (Majewski, 1995). Despite the fact that only limited research has been done on the topic, studies consistently find pesticide residues in air. According to the USGS, pesticides have been detected in the atmosphere in all sampled areas of the USA (Savonen, 1997). Nearly every pesticide investigated has been detected in rain, air, fog, or snow across the nation at different times of the year (U.S. Geological Survey, 1999). Many pesticides have been detected in air at more than half the sites sampled nationwide. Herbicides are designed to kill plants, so it is not surprising that they can injure or kill desirable species if they are applied directly to such plants, or if they drift or volatilise onto them. Many ester-formulation herbicides have been shown to volatilise off treated plants with vapors sufficient to cause severe damage to other plants (Straathoff, 1986). In addition to killing non-target plants outright, pesticide exposure can cause sublethal effects on plants. Phenoxy herbicides, including 2,4-D, can injure nearby trees and shrubs if they drift or volatilise onto leaves (Dreistadt et al., 1994). Exposure to the herbicide glyphosate can severely reduce seed quality (Locke et al., 1995). It can also increase the susceptibility of certain plants to disease (Brammall and Higgins, 1998). This poses a special threat to endangered plant species. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service hasrecognized 74 endangered plants that may be threatened by glyphosate alone (U.S. EPA Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances, 1986). Exposure to the herbicide clopyralid can reduce yields in potato plants (Lucas and Lobb, 1987). EPA calculated that volatilisation of only 1% of applied clopyralid is enough to damage non-target plants (US EPA, 1990). Some insecticides and fungicides can also damage plants (Dreistadt et al., 1994). Pesticide damage to plants is commonly reported to state agencies in the Northwest. (Oregon Dept. of Agriculture, 1999; Washington Dept. of Health, 1999). Plants can also suffer indirect consequences of pesticide applications when harm is done to soil microorganisms and beneficial insects. Pesticides including those of new the generation, e.g., dacthal, chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos, metolachlor, terbufos and trifluralin have been detected in Arctic environmental samples (air, fog, water, snow) (Rice and Cherniak, 1997), and (Garbarino et al., 2002). Other studies have identified the ability of some of these compounds to undergo short-range atmospheric transport (Muir et al., 2004) to ecologically sensitive regions such as the Chesapeake Bay and the Sierra Nevada mountains
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