International Journals of Multidisciplinary
Research Academy (IJMRA)

Abstract:
Rapid industrialization, intensive agriculture and other anthropogenic activities have led to land degradation, environmental pollution and decline in crop productivity and sustainability causing great concern to human and animal health. One of the prominent sources contributing to increased soil contamination is disposal of municipal waste. The city sewage water is being largely used for irrigation in the adjoining areas of the cities for growing vegetable crops. In order to maintain the soils in better fertility as well as productivity for supply of essential plant nutrients for crop production on sustainable basis without deteriorating the soil health. It becomes imperative to make thorough studies on the impact of sewage applied to agriculture lands. In the present studies seeds germination was evaluated under sewage and LASER irradiation to know the effect of these components on seed germination capacity. LASER light enhances the seed germination percentage as compared to control.
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Abstract:
An extensive survey of the quality of groundwater and surface water has been carried out at the suburb of Manali, Chennai, which houses a cluster of several large industries. The cluster is called ‘Manali Industrial Complex’ and typifies the Indian situation wherein hazardous industries exist cheek by jowl with residential colonies, commercial hubs and public amenities. Industries also exist within directly impacting distance of water bodies and other neutral resources. The studies reveal the kind and the extent of adverse impacts that is possible under such situations. A stretch of Buckingham Canal, which receives effluents from some of the industries, has been modeled for its water quality. The impact of different extents of effluent input and of canal flow have been forecast.
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Abstract:
To establish similarity and dissimilarity between two groups or between two elements the similarity and distance measure has becomes an imperious tools. Many researchers proposed various similarity and distance measures by using different approaches. In which some are probabilistic in nature and other are non-probabilistic in nature. Here we discuss some non probabilistic similarity and distance measures by using fuzzy rough set approach. We also prove the validity of this proposed measure and discuss it application for decision making problem. We also compare proposed measures. The proposed measures can provide a useful tactic to measure the similarity and dissimilarity between fuzzy rough sets and between their elements.
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Abstract:
A new variant of Newton's method based on mid- point method has been developed and their convergence properties have been discussed. The order of convergence of the proposed method is five. Starting with a suitably chosen 𝑥0 , the method generates a sequence of iterates converging to the root. The convergence analysis is provided to establish its fifth order of convergence. It does not require the evaluation of the second order derivative of the given function as required in the family of Chebyshev–Halley type methods. Analysis of efficiency shows that the new method can compete with Newton's method and the classical third order methods. Numerical results show that the method has definite practical utility.
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Abstract:
: A common way for person authentication in biometric recognition is iris identification, one of the utmost stable and suitable biometric technologies. Nowadays there is a big interest on using iris recognition in visible or in near-infrared spectrum, on smart phones and tablets, to authenticate a person. Generally, this process will takes two steps. In the first step, one or even several images of the person’s iris are acquired, using digital cameras in visible or in near-infrared spectrum. In the second step, comparison of captured iris images with images stored in an iris database will take place. So accuracy of an effective iris recognizer depends upon how accurately iris region is localized in the images so that eyelashes, eyelids will be accurately remove from the iris region as they effect the features of the iris. In this work, an effective iris localizer has been proposed which uses number of process such as contrast enhancement, edge enhancement, segmentation, clustering, eyelid detection etc. In this,Snake contouring is used for detecting the boundary of the iris which has been assisted by CHT algorithm to detect the rough iris circle. After that sclera region has been detected and both eyelids has been detected. Finally upper and lower cut-off has been used to exclude the eyelid eyelashes in the detected iris. The proposed algorithm has been tested on UBIRIS database.
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Abstract:
In this paper, we studied the self centered property of intuitionistic fuzzy graph structure. It is shown that every complete intuitionistic fuzzy graph structure is self centered but converse is not true. We also derived a necessary and sufficient condition for the intuitionistic fuzzy graph structure to be self centered. An embedding of the center of intuitionistic fuzzy graph structure into a connected self centered intuitionistic fuzzy graph structure is established.
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Abstract:
Un-doped titanium dioxide (TiO2) and aluminium (Al) doped thin films were prepared by the sol-gel method. TiO2 sol is mixed with different weight % of aluminium and films were prepared by spin coating. The films were characterised with optical transmittance/reflectance measurements using spectrophotometer. The optical constants (n, k) were determined by envelope method. Optical band gap energy was estimated using Tauc’s method and found to be 3.36 and 3.28 eV respectively at 50o C and 150o C respectively.
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Abstract:
A common way for person authentication in biometric recognition is iris identification, one of the utmost stable and suitable biometric technologies. Nowadays there is a big interest on using iris recognition in visible or in near-infrared spectrum, on smart phones and tablets, to authenticate a person. Generally, this process will takes two steps. In the first step, one or even several images of the person’s iris are acquired, using digital cameras in visible or in near-infrared spectrum. In the second step, comparison of captured iris images with images stored in an iris database will take place. So accuracy of an effective iris recognizer depends upon how accurately iris region is localized in the images so that eyelashes, eyelids will be accurately remove from the iris region as they effect the features of the iris. In this work, an effective iris localizer has been proposed which uses number of process such as contrast enhancement, edge enhancement, segmentation, clustering, eyelid detection etc. In this,Snake contouring is used for detecting the boundary of the iris which has been assisted by CHT algorithm to detect the rough iris circle. After that sclera region has been detected and both eyelids has been detected. Finally upper and lower cut-off has been used to exclude the eyelid eyelashes in the detected iris. The proposed algorithm has been tested on UBIRIS database.
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Abstract:
A class of regression type estimators using the auxiliary information on population mean and population coefficient of variation is proposed under stratified random sampling. The expressions of its bias and mean square error under are obtained Further the expression of minimum mean square error under the optimum value of the characterizing scalar is also given in this section. An optimum allocation with the proposed class is obtained and its efficiency is compared with that of Neyman optimum allocation.
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Abstract:
This research paper reviews the main applications of statistics and operations research techniques to the quantitative and aspects of Knowledge Discovery (KD) and Data Mining (DM), fulfilling a demanding need. Data Mining, one of the most important phases of the Knowledge Discovery in Databases activity, is becoming ubiquitous with the current information explosion. As a result, there is an increasing need for training professionals to work as analysts or to interface with these. On the other hand, such professionals already exist. Statisticians and operations researchers combine three skills widely used in Data Mining: computer applications, systems optimization and data analysis techniques. This review alerts them about the challenging opportunities that, with little extra training, await them in Data Mining.
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Abstract:
A step to make Transportation problem more applicable in real life situation is the use of multi-choice for each factors like cost coefficients, demands and supplies. In this paper binary variables are used to find out an equivalent model for the given transportation problem. And the result is compared with the result when Interpolating polynomial is used to find the equivalent model. The aim of the paper is to find out a proper way to choose appropriate binary variables for finding an equivalent model for given multi choice Transportation problem. An example illustrates the proposed method and the result was compared with existing method of using Interpolating Polynomial. LINGO is used to solve the problem.
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Abstract:
ZZ Transform Method was introduced by Zain Ul Abadin Zafar [1] in 2016. In this paper, I have applied this new integral transform method for finding solutions to the problems occured on a principle Newton’s Law of Cooling, which is an application of first order and first degree ordinary linear differential equation. ZZ Transform Method is similar to the other transforms such as Laplace and Sumudu Transforms. The advantagae of ZZ Transform Method is that it solves a differential equation with variable coefficients
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Abstract:
Adherence to a defined process or standards is necessary to achieve satisfactory software quality. However, in order to judge whether practices are effective at achieving the required integrity of a software product, a measurement-based approach to the correctness of the software development is required. A defined and measurable process is a requirement for producing safe software productively. In this study the contribution of quality assurance to the software development process, and in particular the contribution that software inspections make to produce satisfactory software products, is addressed. To be more effective detecting software defects, not only should defect detection techniques be studied and compared but also the entire software detection process should be studied to give us a better idea of how it can be conducted, controlled, evaluated and improved. This study addresses the requirement for an independently repeatable, scalable and substantially automated method for yielding semantics from computer code in a complete, unambiguous and consistent manner in order to facilitate, and make repeatable, verification based code inspection. Algorithmic and heuristic techniques for investigating loop progress and termination are also introduced. Some of these techniques have been automated in supporting tools, and hence, the resulting defects can be repeatable identified. Throughout this study a strong highlighting is placed on describing implementable algorithms to realise the derivation techniques discussed. A number of these algorithms are implemented in a tool to support the application of the verification methods presented. The techniques and tools presented in this study are well suited, but not limited to, supporting rigorous methods of defect detection as well as formal and semi-formal reasoning of correctness. The automation of these techniques in tools to support practical, formal code reading and correctness argument will assist in addressing the needs of trusted component technologies and the general requirement for quality in software. The main part of this study is a systematic reconstruction of the B-method, using Generalized Substitution Language (GSL) and finishing with the Abstract Machine Notation (AMN). Introduction to Software Fault Detection Software fault detection is an central part of software development. The quality, the schedule, and the cost of a software product based heavily on the software fault detection process. In the development of software systems, 40% or more of the project time is spent on fault detection activities, such as, inspection, testing, and maintenance. In this thesis, maintenance means the fault detection activities after software releases, which include trouble shooting and debugging. Software fault detection has proposed new inspection and testing techniques, and has studied and compared different inspection and testing techniques. However, most of the research has focused on a single inspection or testing technique. At most, different inspection or testing techniques were compared to determine which one detected more faults. To be more efficient in this area, not only the study of a fault detection technique itself is necessary, but also more importance should be put on the fault detection process in which these techniques are applied. How can we get more from the fault detection process by a significant selection and combination of the available fault detection
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Abstract:
Most of the synthetic dyes are noticeably found harmful and toxic. When used on textiles they can cause allergy, skin disease, cancer etc. So, there is need to produce natural dyes. Demand for natural dyes has been growing rapidly due to increased awareness on hazardous, toxic and allergic reactions associated with synthetic dyes. Natural dyes are obtained from natural sources such as plants, insects and minerals. Among all the plant based dye sources i.e. bark, leaves, flowers, seeds etc., these dye sources are more important for textile dyeing as all the sources provide dye from the source which is found in abundance but still not fully utilized. This paper reviews the available different dye sources, extraction of coloring components and colors obtained on textile material after dyeing process.
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Abstract:
The purpose of this study was to determine if there exist any relationship between various levels and various dimensions of Learning Practices of Mathematics of a student with academic achievement in mathematics. For this study a sample of 1000 students of VI to XII class was chosen from various schools of Haryana to find the level of learning practices of Mathematics and its relationship with academic achievement in Mmathematics. Study reveals that there is significant relationship between academic achievement in Mathematics and students differ significantly on various levels of learning practices
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Abstract:
Learning offers tremendous potential to increase the availability and convenience of education. Variety of online content is available that can include: text on a website, digital audio, digital video, animated images, and virtual reality environments. In the present era of globalization information sharing has been revolutized with the help of IT and ITes. The education system is observing a paradigm shift from proprietary software to open source, for e-learning applications. In fact, open source software (OSS) development can provide the necessary flexibility to combine languages, scripts, learning objects and lesson plans, effectively, without the cost and rigidity of proprietary software. In recent years, numerous open access LMS software‟s have emerged as viable alternatives to costly proprietary and commercial products. Open source software‟s of Content Management Systems (CMS) and Learning Management System (LMS) are gaining popularity. The paper throws light on advantages, disadvantages of using open source software in different application areas. Particularly education.
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Abstract:
A functional vital registration system in any country , by supplying the most reliable data on deaths and births and population dynamics, provides indicators for health and development. This study examined the effect of birth registration in Nigeria, implication for national development and planning. The study adopted expo facto in its methodology. Data was collected from CBN statistical bulletin, 2016. Linear regression was used to test the study hypothesis. The result of the study revealed that Birth registration has a significant effect on national development and planning (r = .743; p = .014; F = .9.87). it was concluded that No nation can effectively plan and develop without a reliable population profile obtained from population data and vital statistics
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Abstract:
Mouse deer are graceful and look somewhat like large rodents also known as chevrotains. Mouse deer (Tragulus spp. An Hyemoschus aquaticus) are among the smallest ruminants known. The lesser mouse deer of Southeast Asia is probably the smallest an adult stands only 20cm high and weighs a mere 1-2.5 kg. Within India, the Indian chevrotain is commonly encountered in a number of forest areas along the Western Ghats, in the Eastern Ghats up to Orissa, and in the forests of central India. The Kalakad-Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve at the extreme south of the Western Ghats appears to be one of the best localities for the species and may represent a major population stronghold. The species may also be frequently met with in most other protected areas along the Western Ghats such as the Periyar Tiger Reserve, Indira Gandhi Wildlife Sanctuary, Silent Valley, Mudumalai-Bandipur-Nagarahole, Bhadra, and Kudremukh. Krishnan (1972) noted that the species is seen almost commonly around Karwar and in some forests of the Simlipal hills of Orissa in the east. Along the Eastern Ghats populations of mouse deer occur in the forest tracts along the Nallamal hills and Srisailam Nagarjuna Sagar and also in in Kanha National Park in Madhya Pradesh. Twenty-five million years ago, early forms of mouse deer existed throughout Asia, Africa and Europe. Today’s species are restricted to tropical forests and mangrove thickets of Southeast Asia and Central Africa.
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Abstract:
The present study focus on the green chemistry in the synthesis of Zinc Oxide nanoparticles by Zinc nitrate and Allium sativum extract. The Zinc Oxide nanoparticles are known to be one of the multifunctional inorganic nanoparticles and Zinc Oxide crystallites have been synthesized by simple ecofriendly method. Nanoparticles produced by plants are more stable, and the rate of synthesis is faster than that in the case of other organisms.The particle size and morphology of the synthesized nanoparticles is characterized by using X-ray Diffraction(XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and UV-Vis Spectrophotometry. The XRD analysis shows that the synthesized nanoparticles have been indexed as hexagonal system with primitive lattice.
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Abstract:
Current study explains the role of Dedekind Domains in Algebraic Number Theory. Study was based on the literature and descriptive in nature. This paper introduces the important concept of Dedekind domains, which is important to understand the concept of rings of integers. Rings of integers arc an important class of Dedekind domains, but other examples include rings of polynomial functions on smooth algebraic curves. In this study, we prove two fundamental facts about Dedekind domains: every nonzero ideal can be factored uniquely as a product of prime ideals; and the set of ‘fractional ideals’ form a group under multiplication. We prove these statements by examining the local structure of Dedekind domains. The group structure allows us to introduce the "ideal class group'', which measures how far a Dedekind domain is from being a UFD, and plays a fundamental role throughout algebraic number theory.
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Abstract:
Current study explains the concept of Algebraic Number Theory and its applications. Study was based on the literature and descriptive in nature. Algebraic number theory is a rich and diverse subfield of abstract algebra and number theory, applying the concepts of number fields and algebraic numbers to number theory to improve upon applications such as prime factorization and primarily testing. In this study, researchers begin with an overview of algebraic number fields and algebraic numbers and then move into some important results of algebraic number theory, focusing on the quadratic, or Gauss reciprocity law.
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Abstract:
The addition of powder in the dielectric modifies some process variables and creates the conditions for obtaining high surface quality. Powder Mixed Electrical Discharge Machining (PMEDM) is relatively a new development in the direction of enhancement of process capabilities of EDM and considerably improves the surface integrity by reducing the formation of white crystals and scratches, heat affected zone, craters, hollow cavities and micro-cracks on EDMed surface. However, Low Surface Finish is main problem which are being faced in EDM of Inconel-718, one of the most useful Super alloy. There is needed to look at various possibilities for improving SF of Inconel-718. One way is to use some powders in dielectric fluid of EDM. A few investigations on PMEDM of Inconel-718 indicate that pure Silicon (Si) powder mixed with dielectric gave encourage results. The present work is also in the same direction and detailed experimental study has been conducted. The average grain sizes i.e. 15µm, 25µm and 40µm of Si powder particles and their concentration are taken as input parameters. Final surface roughness, surface profiles and SEM photographs have been obtained at various combinations of the input parameters. On an average, 40% improvement in SF has been observed, when Inconel-718 was machined by PMEDM instead of EDM. Comparison of SEM photographs reveals noticeable decrease in surface cracks when Inconel-718 was machined with PMEDM.
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Abstract:
XANES studies make it possible to determine the geometrical parameters (interatomic distances and bond angles) around the X-ray absorbing atom. The environment of the absorbing atom is the primary cause for the XANES features. This is the reason these Characteristic features are clearly observed for disordered systems. XANES was used to determine the local structure in compounds. A systematic approach based on mathematical methods of solving inverse correlation and taking into account the specifics of XANES is now being developed
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Abstract:
In this paper we have discussed formal integral transform which is generalization of Weber-Orr transforms and its inverse by making use of generalized Erdelyi-Kober operators.
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Abstract:
The study shows that herbal medicine has great prospect in health care worldwide. It is reported that 25% of prescribed drug for conventional healthcare were derived from ethno medicine. But in present medicinal plants facing threats due to depletion of natural resources as an impact of growing population size, urbanization and climate change. The major challenges on traditional medicine and medicinal plant is lack of data on seriously threatened and endangered medicinal plant species. The other challenges include inadequate and conflicting guidelines on management and utilization of medicinal plant or natural resources. So effort for conservation of medicinal plants has been suggested. The ex-situ and in-situ conservation of medicinal plants in Bihar is a great step towards the conservation of medicinal plants as well as other species. The conservation in all the agro-climatic zones would be a long way for conservation of biodiversity. These include creation of awareness of medicinal plants in healthcare by training programmes at local community level. It is essential to conserve medicinal plant through sustainable harvesting of medicinal plant resources.
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Abstract:
this work, the performance parameters of thermal and electrical properties of solar PV and PVT system are found out using experimental set up. To accomplish this task, indigeneously developed DAQ system with multiplexer using ATMEL MEGA 2560 and ATMEL 328 microcontrollers.The details measured were PV Panel temperatures,,temperatures of air inlet and outlet,PV current and voltage. For comparison purpose,a reference system is used.The performance of PV data acquistion system was tested using the experimental setup at Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, India (11° N Latitude, 79° E Longitude) and the working of the PV monitoring system was tested for a period of 3 months from February 2017 to April 2017. The results indicate acceptable performance of self developed PV data monitoring system.
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Abstract:
In this paper the Killing vectors admitted by a spherically symmetric time using a Spherically Symmetric co-ordinate system in wide sense is studied
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Abstract:
Liquid crystals are fascinating state of material. They arebeing used in liquid crystal display devices for the last few decades. Alkyl- and alkyloxy- cyanobiphenyls are liquid crystal forming compounds. 4-n-nonyloxy-4’-cyanobiphenyl, represented as 9OCB or M27,is one of the homologues ofalkyloxycyanobiphenyl series.Positron lifetime measurements have been carried out in M27, both in the heating and cooling cycles of the sample.Positron lifetime parameters were found to be sensitive in detecting some of the interesting features like solid crystalline polymorphism, retention of some memory of more ordered crystalline state in liquid crystalline phase, formation of cybotactic groups and phase transitions taking place in this compound. The temperature range for the study was so chosen as to cover all the phases of compoundM27, i.e., crystalline solid phase, liquid crystalline phase and isotropic liquid phase. In present investigation, the crystalline solid to liquid crystalline phase and liquid crystalline to isotropic liquid phase transitionsare achieved at65 0C and 760C respectively. These transition temperatures agree well with those reported in literature for this compound
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Abstract:
The premise of the marine pelagic environment lies with the essential makers, the unicellular phytoplankton that fix inorganic carbon (CO2) with the guide of daylight (photosynthesis). The carbon, fixed as glucose inside the phytoplankton, is coordinated into different sorts of sub-atomic parts principally joined with phosphorus or potentially nitrogen, making up the structure blocks of the phytoplankton cell. These structure blocks are protein, lipids and carbs, and they are the healthful starting point for the upper trophic levels in the marine climate, beginning with the auxiliary makers, e.g., copepods and krill, controlling their development, proliferation, wellness and endurance. The capacity of zooplankton to focus and store phytoplankton-based lipids implies that they are key trophic vectors, diverting these fundamental healthful mixtures towards fish, seabirds, marine well evolved creatures and in the long run people. This survey centers around the substance piece of marine phytoplankton as a wholesome hotspot for marine zooplankton that could restrict their proliferation and endurance and consequently influence the proficiency of the whole marine food web. The beginning stage is the thought, taken from different examinations, that different phytoplankton types presented as nourishment for zooplankton vary significantly in their capacity to help zooplankton development and endurance, going from being basically non-nutritious to being magnificent food [4,5,6,7]. This recommended a few significant contrasts in phytoplankton science that made a difference for the healthful necessities of their customers. Accordingly, it was essential to get comfortable with the substance sythesis of phytoplankton and lay out what parts decide the nature of the phytoplankton as nourishment for their customers. The wholesome parts are generally the miniature particles: the structure blocks of the various macromolecules. Those building blocks could be, for instance, the particular unsaturated fats, nutrients, follow metals and explicit amino acids
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Abstract:
In the computing scene, cyber security is going through unbelievable changes in technology and its operations of late, and data science is driving the change. Getting out security occasion models or pieces of information from cyber security data and building seeing data-driven model, is the best method for coordinating make a security system modernized and savvy. To get it and explore the certifiable investigates with data, different mindful perspectives, machine learning thinking, cycles and systems are utilized, which is reliably known as data science. In this paper, we frame cyber security data science, where the data is being gathered from key cyber security sources, and the assessment joins the most recent data-driven models for giving really persuading security moves close. The chance of cyber security data science licenses pushing the computing worked with attempt more central and cautious when stood isolated from standard ones in the space of cyber security.
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Abstract:
In the Present Work, we have reported the single X-ray crystal structure of the cadmium (II) S-methyl dithiocarbazate (SMDTC) complex [Cd (SMDTC)2] Cl2. The compound has been found to be an effective single source precursor for the preparation of CdS NCs via microwave assisted method. The possible mechanism for the anisotropic growth of cadmium sulfide-NCs is also discussed with its characterization by ir, u.vvisible, photoluminescence, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) spectroscopy.
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