International Journals of Multidisciplinary
Research Academy (IJMRA)

Abstract:
A risk assess should persuade several properties to facilitate an investor’s penchants. Risk is an asymmetric, relative, heteroskedastic, multidimensional concept that has to take into account asymptotic behaviour of returns, inter-temporal dependence, risk-time aggregation, and the impact of several economic phenomena that could influence an investor’s preferences. We call uncertainty measure any increasing function of a positive functional defined on the space of random variables satisfying some specific properties. One example of an uncertainty measure is the Colog. We have extended the concept of mean-colog framework in fuzzy environment to propose a fuzzy Mean-Colog portfolio selection model. Numerical example is given for illustration
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Abstract:
The study of Hyers-Ulam-Rassias stability for several functional equations has been wildly spreaded in the context of different areas of mathematics and such type stability in real Banach spaces along with its several extensions has been examined by a number of mathematicians. In this paper we prove the Hyers-Ulam-Rassias stability of a Pexiderized functional equation in complex Banach spaces under suitable conditions
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Abstract:
One of the major challenges for aeronautical safety system is to prevent breakdown and impact of malfunctioned airborne objects especially the unmanned aerial vehicles in the civil area. The safety personnel may use projectiles to dissociate such kind of object to save the civil lives and properties from destruction. The safety personnel can utilize their projectiles effectively with the help of a Decision Support System which is proposed in this article. The Probability Hypothesis Density filter, First Order Gradient based optimization and Hungarian algorithm are exploited to build the system. The result proves the efficacy of proposed system.
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Abstract:
This paper deals with a modified version of Leslie-Gower prey-predator food chain model with harvesting where prey grows logistically and predator consumes the prey according to Holling type-II functional form. In deterministic models of prey-predator interaction, it is natural to include a time delay into predator response function. Here we consider a delay into predator response function. The criteria for existence of equilibrium points along with its local stability is discussed. The influence of harvesting on the system is also studied in various cases: (i) only prey species is harvested, (ii) only predator species is harvested and (iii) when both prey and predator species are harvested. Bifurcation analysis is also studied and it is seen that the system undergoes a Hopf bifurcation by the introduction of delay. The qualitative behaviour of the system is verified through numerical simulation.
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Abstract:
Bandyopadhyay and Das [Phys. Plasmas, 9, 465-473, 2002] have derived a nonlinear macroscopic evolution equation for ion acoustic wave in a magnetized plasma consisting of warm adiabatic ions and non-thermal electrons including the effect of Landau damping. In that paper they have also derived the corresponding nonlinear evolution equation when coefficient of the nonlinear term of the above mentioned macroscopic evolution equation vanishes, the nonlinear behaviour of the ion acoustic wave is described by a modified macroscopic evolution equation. But they have not considered the case when the coefficient is very near to zero. This is the case we consider in this paper and we derive the corresponding evolution equation including the effect of Landau damping. Finally, a solitary wave solution of this macroscopic evolution is obtained, whose amplitude is found to decay slowly with time. The corresponding nonlinear evolution equation and its solitary wave solution without including the effect of Landau damping has been subject matter of study of the paper made by Das et al. [Phys. Plasmas
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Abstract:
We examine the algorithmic problem of finding the ring of integers of a given algebraic number field. In practice it is often assumed that this problem is solved, but the theoretical results show that it is not manageable for the numerical fields defined by equations with very high coefficients.Such fields occur in the number field sieve algorithm for factoring integers. Applying a variant of a standard algorithm for finding rings of integers, one finds a subring of the number field that one may view as the "best guess" one has for the ring of integers. This best guess is probably often correct. Our main concern is what can be proved about this subring. We show that it has a particularly transparent local structure, which is reminiscent of the structure of famely ramified extensions of local fields
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Abstract:
In vertebrates, light is a major component of environment that regulates a large number of physiological and behavioural functions in rhythmic fashion. The present study shows the localization, dynamics and regulation of photoreceptor proteins namely pineal rod-like opsin and α-transducin in the pineal organ of Indian major carp Catla catla. The study showing diurnal rhythmic pattern in their expression with a peak at midday and fall at midnight reveals that the pineal organ may act as a transducer of the photic signal in carp. Notably, this rhythmicity has been dampened out following the exposure of fish to continuous illumination (LL) or continuous darkness (DD) as the expression of these photoreceptor proteins irrespective of the clock hours is higher in LL and lower in DD fish. In addition in vitro demonstration of the possible roles of different neuronal signals in the photic regulation of the expression of photoreceptor molecules in the carp pineal organ shows that cholinergic signals play a stimulatory role in the expression of both the studied photoreceptor proteins whereas the dopaminergic signals have an inhibitory influence
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Abstract:
Recently, a number of congenital diseases, resulting from defects in ribosome biogenesis and maturation, have been discovered. Shwachman-Bodian-Diamond syndrome (SBDS) is one such ribosomopathy, caused by deficiency of the highly conserved SBDS protein involved in 60S ribosome biogenesis. Characteristic clinical features include exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, neuro-cognitive dysfunction, bone marrow dysfunction and failure, leukemia predisposition. Studies in yeast show evidence of genetic interaction between the yeast SBDS protein (called Sdo1p) and eukaryotic Initiation Factor 6 (eIF6). eIF6 is an essential, conserved 60S ribosome biogenesis factor, required for pre-rRNA processing in the nucleus. It also escorts pre-60S particles from nucleus to cytoplasm for final maturation. Sdo1p, with the cytoplasmic GTPase elongation factor-like 1 protein, facilitates the release of yeast eIF6, from the pre-60S ribosomes in the cytoplasm which is crucial for final maturation of 60S subunits and for recycling of eIF6 to the nucleus. Nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling of eIF6 is also regulated by its phosphorylation and dephosphorylation, mediated by casein kinase 1 and Ca++ – dependent calcineurin phosphatase, respectively. Thus, eIF6 release and recycling seem to be due to concerted actions of SBDS protein and eIF6 phosphorylation-dephosphorylation events. Inhibition of this process leads to defects in ribosome biogenesis and maturation and associated pathophysiology
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Abstract:
Total carbohydrate, starch, amylose, amylopectin, crude fibre, moisture and ash content of Bamboo shoot (Bambusa vulgaris) and Plantain Stem (Musa paradisiaca) were estimated quantitatively using standard protocols involving spectrophotometric and gravimetric principles. Scientific literature revealing its ethno medicinal and pharmacological properties was also studied. The Bamboo Shoot contained 7.2%, 3.24%, 2.0 %, 1.24%, 0.3%, 79.02%, 2.0 % and Plantain stem contained 9.3%, 4.32%, 3.2%, 1.12 %, 0.8%, 72.56%, 3.83% of total carbohydrate, starch, amylose, amylopectin, crude fibre, moisture, ash respectively. The higher content of complex carbohydrates and amylose were suggestive of its lower glycaemic index. The phytochemicals present in them in varying proportions can play a significant role in the prevention of many metabolic ailments and degenerative diseases
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Abstract:
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is considered as a highly valued legume forage crop. It is infested by various pests particularly the alfalfa weevil. Carbaryl, a carbamate insecticide is used to control these pest infestations. Insecticides are earlier reported to have affected non-target plants but their frequent application to the target plants is also a matter of concern. This study focuses on effect of three different concentrations i.e. Field application dose (FR), 2FR, 10 FR of carbaryl on germination and biochemical parameters of Alfalfa seeds. Additionally, the activity of antioxidative enzymes in leaf tissues was determined. A significant dose dependent decrease (p<0.01) in germination percentage and early seedling growth was observed in seeds treated with different concentrations of carbaryl. Interestingly reduction in soluble sugar content, free amino acid content and amylase activity was found in the cotyledons of seeds treated with carbaryl, while the total protein and insoluble sugar content increased significantly. Foliar application of carbaryl showed dose dependent increase in peroxidase (POD) activity in leaf tissues. Leaf protein analysis showed alterations of certain protein bands in carbaryl treated samples. Results obtained indicated carbaryl induced oxidative stress response in Alfalfa
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Abstract:
Ornamental fishes usually mean attractive colorful fishes of various characteristics that are kept as pets in confined space of an aquarium or a garden pool for fun and fancy. In India, about 600 fresh water and marine ornamental fishes are available, which have been identified with ornamental value. However, the success of ornamental fish culture or breeding depends on the good health status of the candidate species, failure to which cause a huge loss of socked fish. Among various diseases parasitic infection is one of the most common causes of depletion of ornamental fishes and has become a threat to fresh water ornamental fish industries throughout the world in the last decade. In this connection, the present study aimed to find out the variety of parasites present in different body parts of ornamental fishes collected at random from different local fish markets in Kolkata, West Bengal, India and also to calculate the intensity, abundance and density of different parasites. The results revealed high prevalence of parasitic infection on the most common and economically important ornamental fish, gold fish (Carassius auratus). Further results demonstrated that gold fishes were vulnerable to nine protozoan and two helminthic groups of parasites. Among them, protozoans were most susceptible to gills, skin and gut. High intensity, relative abundance and density of infection were noticed for Cryptobia sp. and Trichodina sp. Other ciliates and helminth parasites manifested moderatedegree of infection. Moreover, comparing the health and water quality it can be said that temperature and poor water quality are the limiting factor for spreading of disease to these delicate ornamental fish
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Abstract:
Because of rapid industrialization and urbanization, heavy metals are deposited in the environment in frightening quantity. Literature survey manifested, that the heavy metal contaminated soil born microbes can be a potent mode of environmental heavy metal degradation. In the present study, to reveal microbial heavy metal tolerant activity rhizosperic microbes were isolated from sewage sludge of circular canal (Tolly Nullah) and characterize. Microbial heavy metal resistance pattern was checked against four heavy metal salts (Cr2O3, CrO3, CdCl2 and CoCl2) individually and in consortium. Plant growth promoting rhizobacterial (PGPR) traits of isolated microbes were evaluated. One interesting isolated strain (Microbacterium radiodurans strain K12016), identified by 16s rDNA, shown total tolerance against 100 mM Cr2O3 (Cr3+) and also mentionable Cobalt and hexavalent Chromium (Cr6+) tolerance, but didn’t produce a significant amount of plant growth promoting IAA whereas the most of the rest isolates produced adequate amount of IAA. 16s rDNA of that particular isolate was analyzed and phylogenic tree was constructed using the neighbor-joining method to ensure its taxonomic position. Furthermore experimentation and gene study should require to determining heavy metal resistance mechanism of Microbacterium radiodurans K12016.
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Abstract:
In this paper we study the Popped Fibonacci-sum set-graphs, its clique number and the chromatic number. The aforesaid graphs are an extension of the notion of Fibonacci-sum set-graphs to the notion of set-graphs. This paper is an attempt to solve the problem stated in [8].
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Abstract:
An extracellular lipase producing mutant stain of Rhizopus arrhizus isolated and purified was immobilised in Ca-alginate beads by Gel entrapment process. The alginate beads were prepared as sodium alginate in crude enzyme extract and CaCl2 to increase its reusability and stability. In the presence of Ca+2 cations, the enzyme-alginate suspension was crosslinked to form beads at room temperature. The effects of reaction parameters such as Na-alginate and CaCl2 concentrations were optimized and the corresponding bead sizes were measured for the alginate maximum production of lipase by immobilized enzyme. The optimum concentration of Na-alginate and CaCl2 were found to be 6% (w/v) and 0.4M respectively. The maximum production of immobilized lipase was observed with bead size 1.5mm. After immobilization, 60-% lipase activity was retained. The entrapped lipase was stable over a wide range of temperature (300 c – 600 c) and pH (5-9.5). The Ca-alginate entrapped fungal lipase can be used in the industry.
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Abstract:
The thyroid is one of the most important endocrine glands whose dysfunction causes a paralysis of almost all the major functions of the body. Awareness about this gland is very essential and a need to focus on its dysfunction as well its management has become the prime concern of every endocrinologist. Thyroid disorders are more common than diabetes or heart disease and almost half of these remain undiagnosed. The advent of new diagnostic techniques since last two decades had enabled precise diagnosis of both physiological and immunopathological aspects of thyroid. The modern methods of drug formulation had also helped in a great way in the direction of treating the disorders. This review attemps to focus on the various disorders of thyroid gland and ways of management of those disorders.
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Abstract:
A new linear trinuclear complex [Cu3L2(CCl3COO)2] (1) [H2L = N,N´– bis(2–hydroxyacetophenone)propylenediimine] has been synthesized and characterized by IR and UV/vis spectroscopic studies. The crystal structure of the complex, determined by X-ray single-crystal diffraction, consists of strictly linear trimer of copper atoms. The adjacent copper(II) centers are linked by double phenoxo bridges and a carboxylato bridge. The central copper atom adopts distorted octahedral geometry while each terminal copper atom has square-pyramidal geometry.
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Abstract:
Several interpenetrating network (IPN) hydrogels were made by free radical in situ crosslink copolymerization of acrylic acid (AA) and hydroxy ethyl methacrylate (HEMA) in acidic solution of chitosan. N’N-methylene bis acrylamide (MBA) was used as comonomer crosslinker for making these crosslink hydrogels. These hydrogels were prepared by varying comonomer compositions, crosslinker%, initiator concentration and % of chitosan polymer in water.All of these hydrogels were characterized by FTIR, SEM, XRD and swelling parameters. These hydrogels were used for adsorption of two important synthetic dyes i.e. safranine-T (ST) and brilliant cresyl blue (BCB) from water.
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Abstract:
Arsenic has been used since 3000 BC. Arsenic is highly toxic in its inorganic form. Contaminated water used for drinking, food preparation and irrigation of food crops poses the greatest threat to public health from arsenic. Long-term exposure to arsenic from drinking-water and food can cause cancer and skin lesions. A short review is presented here to put forward the side-effects of arsenic contaminations.
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Abstract:
Synthesis, characterization and photophysical property of the poly (thiophene-co-pyrrole) has been reported in this article. The objective was to make deep blue emitter of low cost to meet the high demand. The copolymer was synthesized using a modified Cationic Surfactant Assisted Polymerization technique (CSAP). A head to tail (HT) configuration was dominantly obtained as confirmed from 1H NMR study. The crystallinity varied with the content of pyrrole-high pyrrole content induced higher crystallinity. For the pyrrole containing copolymer, the percent crystallinity was 33.1 % as determined from X-ray diffraction study. A distinct variation in molecular size and size distribution was also noted among the copolymers. Photophysical study showed that highest proportion of pyrrole induced deep blue emission thus it can act as a potential source for deep blue emitter in future
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Abstract:
Now a day the green method for organic molecule synthesis is attracting more and more attention. To achieve such a green method it is desirable to replace the organic solvent by water, a green solvent. The L – proline catalyzed intermolecular aldol condensation reactions between salicyldehyde and acetone in aqueous mecellar medium was investigated. Reaction yields and purity of the product were observed to be greater than that of the corresponding reactions in any other organic solvents. Herein I wish to present my results regarding environmentally benign intermolecular aldol condensation reactions catalyzed by amino acid L – Proline in aqueous mecellar medium. The use of biogenic L – proline as the catalyst and the aqueous conditions make this method very attractive. The reaction takes place in the emulsion media, which assemble both hydrophobic aldehydes. L – Proline was shown to be a powerful catalyst in asymmetric aldol reactions. From the mass spectra and especially from NMR data. I can get the desired organic product with high purity without any long purification which is very much difficult when the same reaction is carried out in organic medium. In aqueous micellar media the reaction was run even at room temperature without any additional additives
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Abstract:
In this review some single and doubly end-on azido bridged dinulear complexes and their magnetic behavior was described. The magnetic properties of the complexes depends on the Cu- N3-Cu angle, Cu-Cu separation, geometry around the metal centres, Cu-N3 bond distance and also on nature of the coligand. If azide ion binds two metal centres in basal-basal fashion then it has been proposed that the accidental orthogonality in the end-on azide bridge occurs at Cu–N3– Cu bond angles close to 104° (theory) or 108° (experiment), then for very large Cu–N3(EO)–Cu bond angles (>108°), the magnetic coupling should be antiferromagnetic
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