International Journals of Multidisciplinary Research
Academy (IJMRA)

Abstract:
In the proposed technique a novel texture feature based multiple classifier technique is applied to roadside vegetation classification. It is well-known that automation of roadside vegetation classification is one of the important issues emerging strongly in improving the fire risk and road safety. The method proposes a novel texture feature based expert system for vegetation identification as dense and sparse grasses. It consist of five steps, namely image pre-processing, feature extraction, training with multiple classifiers, classification and statistical analysis. Initially, to enhance the input image, histogram equalization is applied. Then, Gray level Run length Matrix (GLRLM)and Compound Local Binary Pattern (CLBP) technique is applied in-order to obtain the texture feature relevant to vegetation in the roadside images.In the training and classification stages, three classifiers have been fused to combine the multiple decisions. The first classifier is support vector machine, the second classifier is artificial neural network and the third classifier is k-Nearest Neighbour (k-NN). The combination of multiple classifiers and fusion of classifiers have received much more attention. The strength of the proposed method is based on new descriptor and the incorporation of the multiple classifiers with majority voting. This method is more efficient and achieves high performance
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Abstract:
In this study, a gear shifting mechanism was designed and applied on an auto clutch featured bike to make the gear transmission process faster and less destructible for the diver using entrenched system design. The present automatic transmission is fully mechanically controlled and costs very high and it is not suitable for small displacement engines. But the gear transmission mechanism designed makes driving easier and to achieve efficient driving. This new device must be reliable, has small dimensions, economical and low maintenance cost. This project aims to improve the gear shifting process with a suitable control mechanism to implement in clutch featured bikes. According to the suggested gear shifting method, the microcontroller selects the transmission gear as per the speed of the vehicle without any human interference. The head light control is designed which dims and dips if any vehicles comes opposite with high beam. This is a safety feature installed to avoid accidents caused due to high beam lights having blinding effect on drivers coming from the opposite direction.
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Abstract:
Dhule district of Maharashtra state comprises four tehsils viz. Dhule, Shirpur, Sakri, and Shindkheda. The soil quality and productivity are being affected badly in the southern parts of Shirpur tehsil. It is necessary to evaluate the adverse impacts of chemical fertilizers in the Shirpur tehsil. The present study is organized in order to find out the farmers attitude towards organic fertilizer application in the Shirpur. 598 farmers from 12 villages of four tehsils were questioned for their perspective towards organic and chemical fertilizer application in the farm. The research outcome reveals different attitudes for organic fertilizer application and benefits in different groups i.e. education levels of farmers, farm size, and villages. The large farm size farmers and educated farmers are more in numbers compared to small size farmers and illiterate farmers. Therefore an attempt has been made to find out the attitude of farmers towards utilization of organic fertilizer in the farms for sustainable farming.
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Abstract:
The theory of complex differential equation has been developed since 1960‟s.Many researchers like IlpoLaine (1993) have investigated the system of complex differential equation of the following form k                 f z f zf zf Fz f z f z f z f A A A A A A k k k k k k                0 ' 1 1 1 0 ' 1 1 1 ....... ....... 0 2, where Ai(z)‟s (i=0,1,2….k-1) and F(z)  0 are entire or meromorphic functions.The prime concern of this paper is to investigate the comparative growth analysis of the solution as well as the coefficients of the above system of equations.
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Abstract:
In this paper some inequalities representing the growth estimates of entire algebroidal functions using the tools of relative growth indicators such as relative type and relative weak type of entire algebroidal functions have been established.In fact the inequalities obtained here are sharper in the sense of estimation. AMS Subject Classification (2010) : 30D30,30D35.
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Abstract:
The synthetic chemistry demands expansion of different carbon-carbon bond forming reactions and has been working in this direction for the last several years. The BaylisHillman reaction1,2 is a carbon-carbon bond forming reaction which is essentially a three-component (electrophile, activated alkene and catalyst) reaction has been developing in recent years. This is an atom economic reaction, coupling at - position of activated alkene with carbon electrophile under catalytic influence of a tertiary amine. The most commonly used catalyst is 1,4-diazabicyclo(2.2.2)octane [DABCO] to produce the Baylis-Hillman (B-H) adducts (Fig. 1). The Baylis-Hillman reaction originates from a German patent3 filed in the year 1972 by two American chemists A. B. Baylis and M. E. D. Hillman. They had also U.S patent4 in the year 1973 on this reaction.
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Abstract:
For an entire function f , we define the difference operators as f (z) f (z c) f (z) c    and ( ) ( ( )) 1 f z f z c n c n c     where c is a non-zero complex number and n  2 being a positive integer. If c 1 , we write f (z) f (z) c   . Now let us consider j d j j n m F f f f z c  ( 1) ( ( )) 1     , where f being an entire function and n,m, ( j 1,2,3,.......d)  j  are all non-negative integers. Then F is called the difference monomial generated by entire f . In this paper, we will establish some comparative growth properties of differential –difference polynomials of the above form generated by an entire function 𝑓 as indicated. In fact, the results obtained here improve some earlier theorems
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Abstract:
In this paper we investigate the composition of two entire functions with their corresponding left and right factors in the light of their central indices from the view point of the joint effect of slowly changing functions of higher index and a special type of non-deceasing unbounded function 
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Abstract:
The length of the GRS code is enlarged in relation to the increasing of the columns of the systematic generator GC matrix, thereby transmission of the information becoming more safe. A new GTRS code is constructed having enlarged length and having both enlarged length and increased number of message-symbols, thereby making transmission of the information more safe; increasing the number of message-symbols to be transmitted; and increasing the number of codewords within the code resulting in enhancing the utility of the code.
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Abstract:
A photoplethysmogram (PPG) is an optically obtained plethysmogram, a volumetric measurement of an organ. A PPG is often obtained by using a pulse oximeter which illuminates the skin and measures changes in light absorption. It is a non-invasive, electro-optical method that provides information about the volume of blood flowing in a test region close to the skin of body. In the proposed method an adaptive fuzzy rule based pulse wave segmentation and artifact detection is used. The existing method had low detection accuracy so to overcomethese problem adaptive fuzzy rule is used. The definition of the fuzzy rule is the single most important and challenging aspect of fuzzy rule its effectiveness is vital to the overall performance. Fuzzy-rule-based modeling has become an active research field in recent years because of its uniquemerits in solving complex nonlinear system identification and control problems. When using a fuzzy model to approximate an unknown system, it is desired that the model include many rules so that it can cover the input–output state space of the system with sufficient patches, yet it is also desired that the model include as few rules as possible because the generalizing ability of the model decreases as the number of rules increases. When we speak here of generalization we are referring to the system’s mean performance in terms of approximation accuracy evaluated over some independent test data set. Experimental result show high detection accuracy compared to existing method
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Abstract:
In present industrial era, strict tolerance limits are used in manufacturing parts that require higher surface finish and the given work laid emphasis on optimizing the surface roughness of AISI 1030 steel during wet CNC turning operation. The main purpose of this experimental investigationis to analyse the effect of cutting parameters such as cutting speed, feed rate, depth of cut, cutting fluid concentration and two cutting fluids with different base oils on surface roughness (Ra) on AISI 1030 steel during turning operation. The design of experiments, custom design method, and Taughci method are used to achieve this objective. The analysis reveals that feed rate has the most significant effect on surface roughness (Ra) and value of surface roughness does not significantly differ for two different cutting fluids used
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Abstract:
The aim of this research paper is to evaluate a finite integral involving I-function of two variables.
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Abstract:
The high-Tc cuprate superconductors have their structure derived from ideal perovskite structure, either through an intergrowth phenomenon or by an ordered removal of oxygen atoms. The common features of the cuprate superconductors are their layered crystal structure consisting of one or more CuO2 layers. The tetragonal cuprate superconductors shows small difference in lattice parameters a and b close to 0.38nm because of common structural features of the CuO2 planes. In this paper, the crystal structures of cuprate based superconductors are discussed
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Abstract:
The concept of mean labeling of graphs was introduced by S. Somasundaram and R. Ponraj [5] . We have introduced Contra Harmonic mean labeling of graphs [6 ] . Futher, the concept of Super mean labeling was introduced by R. Ponraj and D.Ramya [3]. In this paper we analyze the Super Contra Harmonic mean labeling for some path and cycle related graphs.
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Abstract:
The study involved using statistical tools to analyse the prevalence of drug abuse in Aninri Local Government Area in Enugu State Nigeria (from 2006 – 2015). The particular interest is in the three highly abused drugs/ substances namely; cannabis sativa, heroin and cocaine. The data used were gotten from the security department of the National Drug Law Enforcement Agency (NDLEA).The statistical techniques used in analysing the data were chi-sqaure and time series, to achieve the objective of the study. The result shows that makes abuse drugs more than females; it also shows that cannabis sativa is the most frequently abused substance by people of ages 21 – 25. The study shows that drug abuse in independent on sex and age of the abusers. This was needful in making forecast for next two years.
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Abstract:
Opinions, sentiments, evaluations, attitudes, and emotions are the subjects of study of sentiment analysis and opinion mining. The inception and rapid growth of the field coincide with those of the social media on the Web, e.g., reviews, forum discussions, blogs, micro blogs, Twitter, and social networks, because, we have a huge volume of opinionated data recorded in digital forms. Since early 2000, opinion mining has grown to be one of the most active research areas in natural language processing. It is also widely studied in data mining, Web mining, and text mining. In fact, it has spread from computer science to management sciences and social sciences due to its importance to business and society as a whole. In recent years, industrial activities surrounding opining mining have also thrived.
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Abstract:
A composite material can be defined as a combination of two or more materials that results in better properties than those of the individual components used alone. In contrast to metallic alloys, each material retains its separate chemical, physical, and mechanical properties. The two constituents are reinforcement and a matrix. The main advantages of composite materials are their high strength and stiffness, combined with low density, when compared with bulk materials, allowing for a weight reduction in the finished part. In recent years, polymeric based composites materials are being used in many application such as automotive, sporting goods, marine, electrical, industrial, construction, household appliances, etc. Polymeric composites have high strength and stiffness, light weight, and high corrosion resistance. Natural fibres are available in abundance in nature and can be used to reinforce polymers to obtain light and strong materials .The natural fibre present important advantages such as low density, appropriate stiffness, mechanical properties with high disposability and renewability. In this project that we are used the natural fibre of lotus.
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Abstract:
Cu(II), Ni(II), Mn(II) and Co(II) complexes were synthesized with bis- (salicylaldehyde)malonyldihydrazone a tetradentate ligand (L) and characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductance measurements, magnetic susceptibility, IR, electronic and EPR spectral studies. Metal(II) salts react with Schiff base ligand in 1:1 molar ratio. The ligand and its complexes are stable at room temperature and all of them are nonhygroscopic also. The elemental analysis for carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen were performed by micro analytical methods. Apart from this, the geometry of the newly synthesized compounds has been explained based on their elemental analysis, molar conductivity and spectral data. The molar conductance measurements of all the complexes in DMF solution correspond to electrolytic nature for the complexes except Mn(II) complexes.
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Abstract:
Ice behaves like a defensive cover over the Earth and our seas. These radiant white spots reflect overabundance heat once again into space and keep the planet cooler. In principle, the Arctic remaining parts colder than the equator since a greater amount of the hotness from the sun is gleamed off the ice, once more into space.
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Abstract:
The land use land cover change in the Delhi National Capital Region have been playing major role in changing landscape. The urbanisation trend in the developing world is mostly due to rural–urban migration, spatial expansion of urban regions via vocations, and the conversion and reclassification of rural villages into peri-urban communities. The influxes of new migrants, as well as the suburbanization of the middle class, are driving the growth of the metropolitan periphery.The LULC dynamics have recently change drastically. LANDSAT data (1990-2018) were used to construct several layers of maps in order to analyse the change in LULC. GIS and RS approaches were used to derive spatial-temporal information on the LULC and its changes. From 1990 to 2018, Faridabad district in the Delhi NCR region has undergone significant change. LANDSAT data (1990-2018) were used to construct several layers of maps in order to analyse the change in LULC. The built-up area has grown throughout time, but in 2018, a number of pockets have emerged in remote locations around the map
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Abstract:
A common fixed point theorem for a pair of weakly compatible mappings is proved in a cone metric pace which extends the result of K. Jha []. We also proved a fixed pint theorem in cone rectangular metric space by using rational type contractive condition.
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Abstract:
Software cost estimation is a huge step in the software project stack as it is used to predict the work and time required to fully complete the work. Kokomo is one of the most unreliable known models for software cost estimation. In this paper, we include heuristic tests to run the COCOMO-II post organizing model by tuning its four coefficients to work on the expected accuracy of both work and headway times. Software cost estimation is one of the major undertakings in the software project of the Board. Strong collaboration depends for the most part on software evaluation which affects the success of the enterprise to an unimaginably large scale. A positive assessment of cost can help enterprise managers to differentiate and game plan for effort surprisingly more productively, and move the software development process along, which will hedge the stakes. Tolerating technology is really terrible, the association can surprisingly lose open doors of business. On the other hand, if the blueprint is absurdly fixed, it can bring epic difficulty.
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