International Journals of Multidisciplinary Research
Academy (IJMRA)

Abstract:
This research explains the results of a conducted study at consultancy of "usability". This research about usability provides that the performance of the usability activities is very much profitable within a software development life cycle (SDLC). It is needs to be done due to the cost sowings from the better usability may not always directly. The first goal of the science was to find which are good to measure benefit and cost in visible for a development organization. During the research it is investigated what kind of method for cost benefit calculations can be used for qualifying usability activities in a software development process (SDLS).
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Abstract:
This paper is based on research work carried out with the objective of establishing the perceptions of key stakeholders about industrial attachment for students studying tourism and hospitality management in the Faculty of Commerce at the University of Zimbabwe. The research involved the gathering of information on the views of students, lecturers and managers in the industry. It was discovered during the research that all stakeholders find the programme valuable and important to all stakeholders. All stakeholders nevertheless have issues they believe need to be attended to in order to enhance the relationships and nature of partnerships between the University and industry.
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Abstract:
With the advancement of technology the banking sector has been dramatically changed from conventional way of banking to the internet banking i.e. web based banking. This advancement of technology has been totally changed the whole scenario of banking. Method. Research has been done to find out the influence of facilitation, low transaction cost ad convenience on customer's turnover intention from conventional to web based banking. Research has been concluded on the bases of two hundred and fifty respondents. Results. The results showed that the influence of facilitation, low transaction cost and Convenience on customer's turnover intention from Conventional to the Web based banking.
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Abstract:
The main aim of the paper is to explain the working of a robot with the use of an Ad-Hoc network. This paper explains major features of the Ad - Hoc network along with the wheel rotational analysis and the DC motor specifications used for the robot. The microcontroller used here is an aurdino controller. This robot is designed in order for access to areas that are not safe for humans in case of disasters. Ad-Hoc is used instead of infrastructure mode because it moves convenient. Secondly we also wanted to test the robot communication using the Ad-hoc network.
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Abstract:
Data warehouse is the requisite of all present competitive business communities' i.e. profitable and non-profitable as well as educational institutions where data is complex, huge and dynamic. The technology advent is not in a day but emerging from late 1980s. Data warehouse is a central repository that merges data from various sources: internal & external along with the web data and upholding the traditional database. Data mining is a tool of data warehousing to extract valuable information, choose a right alternate and make predictions to support the managerial tasks.
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Abstract:
This paper describes the concepts and issues related with e-learning technology. E-learning is a growing field in which new inventions, technologies will introduce almost everyday. In this paper some of the concepts which effects E-Learning like smart desks, laptop revolution, economic crisis and 2D learning are discussed .Internet and computers are the keys to enable and development of e-learning. Therefore ICT(information and communication technology) involvement in these issues is also present in this research paper.
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Abstract:
Dispersion in a single mode fiber is the bottleneck of long haul optical communication systems, which limits the bit rate and repeater-less distance. Chromatic dispersion (CD) of a single mode fiber (SMF) is an important aspect in a long-haul optical communication system. Chromatic dispersion leads to inter-symbol interference and degrades the quality of the signal. All-pass filters (APF's) are devices that allow phase correction or equalization without introducing any amplitude distortion. All pass filters (APFs) are used in dispersion compensation which is the foremost requirement in an optical fiber link.
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Abstract:
Robbington leisure place is a dynamic leisure group that is constantly seeking to expand its business forward. They are one of the largest operators of horseracing; they stage 20 percent of all racing fixtures held each year. Robbington is proposing to make significant improvements to their flagship racecourse at Hamchester to meet the St Dredger Stake scheduled for mid - September 2010. The improvement includes construction of grandstand, an exhibition centre, and construction of a new hotel facility and casino. This paper deals with a critical analysis and evaluation of this proposed Robbington Racecourse project from design to construction.
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Abstract:
Today, with the huge amount of information available online, the World Wide Web is a fertile area for data mining research. Nowadays Web users are facing the problems of information overload and drowning due to the significant and rapid growth in the amount of information and the number of users. As a result, how to provide Web users with more exactly needed information is becoming a critical issue in web-based information retrieval and Web applications. The Web mining research is at the cross road of research from several research communities such as database, information retrieval, AI, Machine learning and natural language processing etc.
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Abstract:
While mobile ad-hoc networking (MANET) research has received a considerable attention in recent years, the majority of them have focused on single-tier (e.g., ground) and homogeneous (e.g., same radio for every node) MANET. Few have investigated the potential implications of multi-tier and heterogeneous natures of MANET on the design and performance of MANET protocols in a systematic manner. For example, one of the stark differences between single-tier and multi-tier MANET environments is that the multi-tier MANET naturally creates "coverage asymmetry" due to the much larger coverage area by airborne nodes compared to ground nodes. Consequently, the number of "neighbors" an airborne node sees can be potentially several orders of magnitude larger than that of a ground node.
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Abstract:
India is one of the fastest growing economy in the world. Adoption of new economic policies in the country has given immense opportunities to develop the country. To responds to today's dynamic business and competitive nature, many banks in India are providing e-banking to gain the customer's satisfaction and maximize profit. In e-banking system the bank has a centralized database that is web-enabled and provides e-services. E-services can be defined as "deed, effort or performance who utilizes Information and Communication Technology(ICT) which includes elements of e-tailing, customer support and service delivery." While E-banking has improved efficiency and convenience, it has also posed several challenges to the regulators and supervisors.
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Abstract:
In this work, we present experimental studies for the processing of TiO2/ TiCxO1-x Nanoceramic Composite. This paper reports the synthesis of TiO2/ TiCxO1-x composite with Ti/C ratio 50:30 via spark plasma sintering route (SPS). The sinterability, microstructure and mechanical properties of the SPS processed sample was optimized with considering time and temperature. TiCxO1-x was reinforced in the TiO2 matrix by the solid state reaction with TiO2 and graphite. Different product was obtained by the carbothermal reaction at the different temperature. Fully dense composite with nano TiCxO1-x reinforcement was obtained after SPS at the high temperature.
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Abstract:
Congestion occurs in the network when arrival rate to a router is greater than its departure rate. In this paper, using fuzzy logic approach, we have proposed a modified TCP delay-based congestion avoidance mechanism which is based on traditional TCP-Africa algorithm. Here we present our fuzzy controller which is expected to act as a congestion controller in the routers. The proposed fuzzy controller uses queue delay and link capacity as input linguistic variables. The output of fuzzy controller is the window size to which the sending window must be adjusted. Both the current standard and most of the experimental congestion control methods are fundamentally loss-based, that is they rely on packet loss to detect that the network is above full capacity.
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Abstract:
Quantitative marketing research is the application of quantitative research techniques to the field of marketing. in the modern marketing viewpoint[16] that marketing is an interactive process in which both the buyer and seller reach a satisfying agreement on the Kotler[2,3]"four Ps" of marketing: Product, Price, Place (location) and Promotion [2,3].As a social research method, it typically involves the construction of questionnaires and scales. People who respond (respondents) are asked to complete the survey.
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Abstract:
This paper discusses restricted flow in a fixed charge capacitated transportation problem with bounds on total source availabilities and total destination requirements . The objective function is the sum of two linear fractional functions consisting of variable costs and fixed charges respectively. Sometimes, situations arise when one wishes to keep reserve stocks at the sources for emergencies , thereby restricting the total transportation flow to a known specified level. A related transportation problem is formulated and it is shown that to each basic feasible solution called corner feasible solution to related transportation problem , there is a corresponding feasible solution to this restricted flow problem .
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Abstract:
Cellular phone technology is rapidly changing. Features like Bluetooth, USB, high resolution cameras, microphones, Internet, 802.11 wireless, and memory cards are added every year. Also, the communication technology a cellular phone uses such as CDMA, GSM, 3G, and 4G are rapidly changing. To get a good grasp on what is available today let's take a close look at some off the shelf cellular phone detectors. Most detectors are manufactured with the intent that the cellular phone is stationary and powered on.
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Abstract:
Authentication is one of the biggest problem related to computer information security in the area of distributed environments. Various protocols are used for the authentication purpose such as Needham-Schroeder protocol Kerberos protocol etc. The aim of this paper is to verify and formalize the Kerberos protocol using NuSMV model checker. The protocol version used in this paper is Kerberos Authentication Protocol. The paper suggests CTL specifications for authentication, secrecy and integrity.
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Abstract:
The role of Information Technology to develop agricultural research, education and extension to improve quality of life in rural area is well established. IT can help an average Indian farmer to get relevant information regarding agro-inputs, crop production technologies, agro processing, market support, agro-finance and management of farm agri-business. The agricultural extension mechanism is becoming dependent on IT to provide appropriate and location specific technologies for the farmers to furnish timely and proficient advice to the farmers IT can be a best mean not only to develop agricultural extension but also to expand agriculture research and education system.
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Abstract:
Wireless mesh networks (WMNs) have emerged as a key technology for next-generation wireless networking. Because of their advantages over other wireless networks, WMNs are undergoing rapid progress and inspiring numerous applications. WMN is a promising wireless technology for numerous applications e.g., broadband home networking, community and neighbourhood networks, enterprise networking, building automation, etc. It is gaining significant attention as a possible way for cash strapped Internet service providers (ISPs), carriers, and others to roll out robust and reliable wireless broadband service access in a way that needs minimal up-front investments.
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Abstract:
In the emerging global economy, e-commerce and e-business have increasingly become a necessary component of business strategy and a strong catalyst for economic development. The integration of information and communications technology (ICT) in business has revolutionized relationships within organizations and those between and among organizations and individuals. Specifically, the use of ICT in business has enhanced productivity, encouraged greater customer participation, and enabled mass customization, besides reducing costs.
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Abstract:
Routing protocols are a critical aspect to performance in mobile wireless networks. The development of new protocols requires testing against well-known protocols in various simulation environments. In this paper, present an overview of several well-known MANET routing protocols and the implementation details of the DSDV routing protocol using Random Way Point Mobility Model in the ns-3 network simulator.
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Abstract:
Nowadays electronic commerce services have risen to become more ... The handling of the payment may involve many ways, such as online banking. Computer network technology is developing fairly rapidly. With the Internet, Hacker and Virus overflows, such as the growing threat of cybercrime, network security management tasks will become increasingly difficult and complex, good grasp of network security issues on protection of network information security. Development of electronic commerce exist in today's security threats and the corresponding technical solutions.
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Abstract:
The introduction of composite materials has brought out a radical change in material applications in various fields. Its high strength to weight ratio, long fatigue life and other superior material properties have paved way for its use in highly weight sensitive applications such as aerospace & automotive structures. In all these applications, the level of precision and accuracy is very significant and hence a good understanding of the behavior of composite materials is essential. Delamination is one of the critical problems faced by composite laminates. It involves separation of composite laminae, especially at the free edge caused due to low strength along the ply interface and high local interlaminar stresses. High interlaminar shear stress on the free edge of angle-ply laminates can cause edge delamination, whereas the same effect will be produced by interlaminar normal stress in cross-ply laminates.
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Abstract:
In this paper we propose an efficient method to rank the research papers from various fields of research published in various conferences over the years. This ranking method is based on citation network. The importance of a research paper is captured well by the peer vote, which in this case is the research paper being cited in other research papers. Using a modified version of the PageRank algorithm, we rank the research papers, assigning each of them an authoritative score. Using the scores of the research papers calculated by above mentioned method, we formulate scores for conferences and authors and rank them as well.
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Abstract:
In this present paper, stress has been laid upon the present scenario of power quality in every grid. With more and more use of non linear electrical loads instead of linear loads, we get increased efficiency with reduced power requirements; however this degrades the power quality of whole power system. Power quality is basically determined by the voltage magnitude and frequency in a system. To improve it, we can use voltage regulators, filters, etc.
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Abstract:
The large amount of flue gases produced by cast iron foundries using Coke fired cupolas for melting ,contains injurious elements like SO2, CO2, CO, H2 S, NOx, SPM etc. which damages the environment and are dangerous to all living beings. The emissions level of above have not been found within the pollution control limit as set down by Central Pollution Control Board of India.
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Abstract:
Urban areas present distinctive micro climates. In the study of causes of the special climate in cities, it is reported that "The total transformation of natural landscape into houses, streets, squares, big public buildings, skyscrapers, and industrial installations has brought about changes in climate of large cities". Temperature is one of the most important characteristics of urban areas. It is known urban temperatures differ from those of sub-urban and rural areas and the phenomenon commonly known as the" Urban Heat Islands". Mitigation and control of this Urban Heat Island effect is so important for the environmental sustainability of urban areas.
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Abstract:
Electronic culture (e-culture) and the applications of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) are continuously increasingly in every sphere of human life. It play much bigger role in industry and service sector as compare agriculture sector, to transfer information and knowledge rapidly over large distances through communications networks efficiently and cost-effectively. As agricultural sector is multifaceted in nature and require information from different sources and disciplines of agricultural technology. There is a high demand for agricultural information at global, national, regional levels for farmers, skilled farm-workers, suppliers, agricultural scientists and technologists, extension officers etc.
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Abstract:
Entrepreneurship is considered as tactical development interference to speed up the process of economic development. The promotion of entrepreneurship is directly related to the socio-economic development of the poor tribal population of the society. Scheduled tribes constitute the poorest section of population in rural areas of India. They generally depend on forest and agriculture for livelihood. A research study was undertaken in the tribal dominated Mayurbhanj district of Odisha in India .The tribal people in the study area were involved in different agriculture based entrepreneurial activities. In the district cultivation of sabai grass (Eulaliopsis binata) and its processing of consumer goods remain a good enterprise for the tribal entrepreneurs.
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Abstract:
Terms of both latency and power Digit-serial implementation styles are best suited for implementation of digital signal processing systems which require moderate sampling rates. Digit-serial architectures obtain using traditional unfolding techniques cannot be pipelined beyond a certain level because of the presence of feedback loops. In this paper, an alternative approach for the design of digit-serial architectures is presented based on a novel design methodology. This methodology permits bit-level pipelining of the digit-serial architectures by moving all feedback loops to the last stage of the design. This enables bit-level pipelining of digit-serial architectures, thereby achieving sample speeds close to corresponding bit-parallel multipliers with lower area.
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Abstract:
A Modified Decision Based Unsymmetrical Trimmed Median Filter (MDBUTMF) followed by Fuzzy Noise Reduction Method (FNRM) is proposed for the restoration of color images that are highly corrupted by salt and pepper noise. The proposed filter (MDBUTMF) replaces the noisy pixel by trimmed median value when some of the elements with values 0's and 255's are present in the selected window. If all the pixel values in the selected window are 0's and 255's means then the noisy pixel is replaced by mean value of all the elements present in that selected window. The throughput of MDBUTMF is a partial noise removed image.
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Abstract:
To accomplish fast and location error independent and energy-efficient message delivery in ad hoc and wireless sensor networks, we propose PEOGR, a simple geographic routing protocol. POEGR is reliable routing protocol in that nodes do not need to set up or maintain routing or neighbour tables; instead, POEGR routing via its "Angled Probabilistic Relaying" mechanism and uses the "Backup and relay cancellation" mechanism to reduce contention and the number of retransmissions. One of the main features of PEOGR is a message based ACK mechanism where a relayed message is used as an ACK to a previous sender.
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Abstract:
This paper considers the development of a brain driven car, which would be of great help to the physically disabled people. Since these cars will rely only on what the individual is thinking they will hence not require any physical movement on the part of the individual.
The car integrates signals from a variety of sensors like video, weather monitor, anti-collision etc. it also has an automatic navigation system in case of emergency.
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Abstract:
Edge detection is one of the most commonly used operations in image analysis, andthere are probably more algorithms in the literature for enhancing and detecting edgesthan any other single subject. The reason for this is that edges form the outline of anobject. An edge is the boundary between an object and the background, and indicatesthe boundary between overlapping objects. This means that if the edges in an image canbe identified accurately, all of the objects can be located and basic properties such asarea, perimeter, and shape can be measured.
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Abstract:
The history of the Indian insurance sector dates back to 1818, when the Oriental Life Insurance Company was formed in Kolkata. A new era began in the India insurance sector, with the passing of the Life Insurance Act of 1912. The Indian Insurance Companies Act was passed in 1928. This act empowered the government of India to gather necessary information about the life insurance and non-life insurance organizations operating in the Indian financial markets. This paper analysis the performance of LIC of india in terms of number of polices issued, first year premium collected and the profit before tax earned.
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Abstract:
Business is an inseparable and embedded part of the society. The business environment has Undergone vast changes in the recent years in terms of both the nature of competition and the Wave of globalization that has been sweeping across markets. Companies are beginning to realize the fact that in order to gain strategic initiative and to ensure continued existence, business practices may have to be moulded from the normal practice of solely focusing on profits to factor in public goodwill and responsible business etiquettes. CSR has been widely regarded as a positive phenomenon helping to bridge the gap of social inequality.
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Abstract:
Finance is required at every stage of business either for meeting day to operations or for starting up a new project. One of the important sources of raising finance is loans from banks. Commercial lending is one of the prime functions of any bank. But how does the bank appraises the creditworthiness of a borrower? What are the criterions to be fulfilled for granting loans? What are the tools used by the banks to appraise the loan proposal? These questions are being answered in this paper. This paper describes the credit appraisal process followed in Allahabad Bank.
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Abstract:
FDI plays an important role in any country's economical activities. Companies big or small can not solely depend on the conventional source of finance all together. For financial and technological support they have to depend on foreign resources. For big companies getting FDI is not difficult issue because of financial security, reach in global market and business experience but in SME/SSI it still an unsolved puzzle or a buzzword.
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Abstract:
The traveling salesman problem is a permutation problem in which the goal is to find the shortest path between N different cities that the salesman takes is called the TOUR. In other words, the problem deals with finding a route covering all cities so that the total distance traveled is minimal. This paper gives a solution to find an optimum route for traveling salesman problem using Genetic algorithm technique, in which cities are selected randomly as initial population. The new generations are then created repeatedly until the proper path is reached upon reaching the stopping criteria.
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Abstract:
Multi Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) is a mechanism in high-performance telecommunications networks that directs voice, video and data on the internet from one network node to the next based on short path labels rather than long network addresses, avoiding complex lookups in a routing table. The labels identify virtual links (paths) between distant nodes rather than endpoints. MPLS can encapsulate packets of various network protocols. MPLS supports a range of access technologies, including T1/E1, ATM, Frame Relay and DSL. MPLS based Virtual Private Networks (VPN) tie together give the flexibility to transport and route several types of network traffic using the technologies of a MPLS backbone.
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Abstract:
Carry select adder (CSLA) is known to be the fastest adder among the conventional adder structures. Due to the rapidly growing mobile industry not only the faster arithmetic unit but also less area and low power arithmetic units are needed. The modified CSLA architecture has developed using Binary to Excess-1 converter (BEC). This paper proposes an efficient method which replaces the BEC using D latch. Experimental results are compared and the result analysis shows that the proposed architecture achieves the three folded advantages in terms of area, delay and power.
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Abstract:
Energy plays a key role in achieving the desired economic growth. The entire fabric of developmental goals is webbed around a successful energy strategy. Energy is a pivotal prerequisite of developed economy and social structures. One of the major problems concerning its supply is the depleting nature of the extraction of fossil resources, combined with the need for transition to renewable energy supplies. The last depends on a number of scientific and technological break through. Meanwhile, energy conservation promises to fill the gap between supply and demand. Several measures for conservation of energy are very important for consideration.
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Abstract:
The Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) sector plays a pivotal role towards economic development regardless of the size of economy. It generates employment, increases production base and provides support to large scale enterprises. Despite the crucial role of SME plays in today's economy, unfortunately it has been found that in recent time development of human resource, which is the mainstay for making SME successful, is generally a neglected function in SMEs. India is no exception to this phenomenon. Interestingly in stark contrast to this trend Moonlight Engineering Company, a Kolkata based SME remarkably emphasises on training and development of its human resource. HRD in Moonlight has not only helped Moonlight to grow but at the same time with its skilful human resource it could successfully survive during the severity of economic down turn. This study makes an attempt to analyze how the work force of Moonlight could successfully absorb their training through conscious competence Learning.
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Abstract:
By using fix test cases for regression testing may decrease the number and type of bug fixes than it may not uncovers all errors. And it may lead organization to spend lot of money and time on testing. The proposed approach is about performing a dynamic test suite as some changes are performed in software. As we know when software is tested a test sequence is generated, but when some changes are performed in the software code or some test case is removed and in such case all the links, coverage area are modified.
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Abstract:

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